Regelung von Robotern mit elastischen Gelenken am Beispiel der DLR-Leichtbauarme

In der Arbeit werden Methoden zur Parameteridentifikation und Regelung von Robotern mit elastischen Gelenken vorgeschlagen, am Beispiel der DLR-Leichtbauroboter experimentell implementiert und im Dauereinsatz validiert. Das Modell des Manipulators mit elastischen Gelenken trifft sowohl fur schnell bewegte Industrieroboter, wie auch fur extrem leichte Roboter im Service- oder Raumfahrtbereich zu. Ausgehend von einem Gelenk-Zustandsregler mit konstanten Parametern und Kompensation der Starrkorperdynamik werden Regler zunehmender Komplexitat vorgeschlagen, uber Zustandsregler mit variablen Parametern bis hin zu passivitatsbasierten Reglern mit Energie-Formung. Ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit ist der theoretische Stabilitatsnachweis der Regler unter Berucksichtigung der vollstandigen, nichtlinearen Roboterdynamik. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass der Zustandsregler mit Gravitationskompensation eine einfache und robuste Reglerstruktur darstellt, die gleichzeitig eine effektive Dampfung der elastischen Schwingungen gewahrleistet und einen theoretischen Stabilitatsbeweis zulasst. Als Zustandsgrosen werden die gemessenen Motorpositionen und abtriebsseitigen Drehmomente, sowie deren Ableitungen benutzt. Die Reglerstruktur kann somit zu einem Positions-, Drehmoment-, oder Impedanzregler parametriert werden. Aufbauend auf diesen Gelenkschnittstellen werden unterschiedliche Ansatze zur Realisierung einer programmierbaren kartesischen Nachgiebigkeit implementiert und verglichen sowie ein neuer Ansatz in Form eines globalen Impedanzreglers mit lokaler Steifigkeitsregelung vorgeschlagen.

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