A Novel Mitigation Mechanism for Photo‐Induced Trapping in an Anthradithiophene Derivative Using Additives

A novel trap mitigation mechanism using molecular additives, which relieves a characteristic early turn‐on voltage in a high‐mobility p‐type acene‐based small‐molecule organic semiconductor, when processed from hydrous solvents, is reported. The early turn‐on voltage is attributed to photo‐induced trapping, and additive incorporation is found to be very effective in suppressing this effect. Remarkably, the molecular additive does not disturb the charge transport properties of the small‐molecule semiconductor, but rather intercalates in the crystal structure. This novel technique allows for the solution‐processing of small molecular semiconductors from hydrous solvents, greatly simplifying manufacturing processes for large‐area electronics. Along with various electric and spectroscopic characterization techniques, simulations have given a deeper insight into the trap mitigation effect induced by the additive.

[1]  Alexandra F. Paterson,et al.  Remarkable Enhancement of the Hole Mobility in Several Organic Small‐Molecules, Polymers, and Small‐Molecule:Polymer Blend Transistors by Simple Admixing of the Lewis Acid p‐Dopant B(C6F5)3 , 2017, Advanced science.

[2]  Jürgen Kosel,et al.  Wearable Flexible Sensors: A Review , 2017, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[3]  B. Yaglioglu,et al.  53-2: Invited Paper: Flexible LCDs Enabled by OTFT , 2017 .

[4]  Joseph S. Chang,et al.  A Circuits and Systems Perspective of Organic/Printed Electronics: Review, Challenges, and Contemporary and Emerging Design Approaches , 2017, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems.

[5]  H. Sirringhaus,et al.  High operational and environmental stability of high-mobility conjugated polymer field-effect transistors through the use of molecular additives. , 2017, Nature materials.

[6]  Yasunori Takeda,et al.  Fabrication of Ultra-Thin Printed Organic TFT CMOS Logic Circuits Optimized for Low-Voltage Wearable Sensor Applications , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[7]  Lai‐Sheng Wang,et al.  Communication: Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) anion and accurate determination of the electron affinity of TCNQ. , 2015, The Journal of chemical physics.

[8]  Ahmad R. Kirmani,et al.  Solution-printed organic semiconductor blends exhibiting transport properties on par with single crystals , 2015, Nature Communications.

[9]  C. Song,et al.  Energetic distribution of interface states extracted from photo-conductance of organic thin film transistors , 2014 .

[10]  H. Sirringhaus,et al.  Effect of Ozone on the Stability of Solution-Processed Anthradithiophene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors , 2014 .

[11]  A. Rubino,et al.  Metastable light induced defects in pentacene , 2014 .

[12]  H. Sirringhaus,et al.  Two-Dimensional Carrier Distribution in Top-Gate Polymer Field-Effect Transistors: Correlation between Width of Density of Localized States and Urbach Energy , 2013, Advanced materials.

[13]  Yong-Young Noh,et al.  Organic Light Detectors: Photodiodes and Phototransistors , 2013, Advanced materials.

[14]  Erin Antono,et al.  The chemical and structural origin of efficient p-type doping in P3HT , 2013 .

[15]  D. Neher,et al.  Comprehensive picture of p -type doping of P3HT with the molecular acceptor F 4 TCNQ , 2013 .

[16]  P. Blom,et al.  Unification of trap-limited electron transport in semiconducting polymers. , 2012, Nature materials.

[17]  Henning Sirringhaus,et al.  Spectroscopic investigation of oxygen- and water-induced electron trapping and charge transport instabilities in n-type polymer semiconductors. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  H. Sirringhaus,et al.  High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Air‐Induced Electrical Instabilities in n‐type Polymer Semiconductors , 2012, Advanced materials.

[19]  C. Park Investigation of the device instability feature caused by electron trapping in pentacene field effect transistors , 2012 .

[20]  N. S. Sariciftci,et al.  Interfaces and traps in pentacene field-effect transistor , 2010 .

[21]  W. Sim,et al.  Direct Spectroscopic Evidence for a Photodoping Mechanism in Polythiophene and Poly(bithiophene‐alt‐thienothiophene) Organic Semiconductor Thin Films Involving Oxygen and Sorbed Moisture , 2009 .

[22]  John E. Anthony,et al.  High-mobility spin-cast organic thin film transistors , 2008 .

[23]  John E. Anthony,et al.  Contact-induced crystallinity for high-performance soluble acene-based transistors and circuits. , 2008, Nature materials.

[24]  Sankar Subramanian,et al.  Chromophore fluorination enhances crystallization and stability of soluble anthradithiophene semiconductors. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[25]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  Organic phototransistor based on pentacene as an efficient red light sensor , 2007 .

[26]  T. Anthopoulos,et al.  Air-stable ambipolar organic transistors , 2007 .

[27]  Yong‐Young Noh,et al.  Effect of light irradiation on the characteristics of organic field-effect transistors , 2006 .

[28]  Ananth Dodabalapur,et al.  Organic and polymer transistors for electronics , 2006 .

[29]  M. Niwano,et al.  Photoinduced doping effect of pentacene field effect transistor in oxygen atmosphere studied by displacement current measurement , 2005 .

[30]  Yan Liang,et al.  Low-voltage pentacene thin-film transistors with Ta2O5 gate insulators and their reversible light-induced threshold voltage shift , 2005 .

[31]  T. Palstra,et al.  Electronic transport properties of pentacene single crystals upon exposure to air , 2005, cond-mat/0501555.

[32]  Martijn Kemerink,et al.  Proton migration mechanism for operational instabilities in organic field-effect transistors , 2010 .

[33]  A. Girlando,et al.  Influence of the intermolecular charge transfer interaction on the solution and solid state infrared spectra of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) alkaline salts , 1978 .