2.19 – Stand-Alone, Hybrid Systems

This chapter introduces the definition and special futures of wind-based, stand-alone, hybrid energy systems. ‘Introduction’ emphasizes the basic characteristics of stand-alone and hybrid energy systems also including representative application examples in different sectors. After a short reference to the historical development of stand-alone wind systems, the contribution of wind energy in distributed generation is analyzed. The most common commercial system configurations of stand-alone systems are discussed in detail including case study results, which will help the reader to have a comprehensive view of the opportunities presented by the different combinations. Furthermore, a short description of the available energy storage systems is presented along with a brief reference to the most well-known free software tools that have been used extensively for hybrid energy system design and optimization.

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