Two-Stage Simulation Method to Improve Facial Soft Tissue Prediction Accuracy for Orthognathic Surgery

It is clinically important to accurately predict facial soft tissue changes prior to orthognathic surgery. However, the current simulation methods are problematic, especially in clinically critical regions. We developed a two-stage finite element method (FEM) simulation model with realistic tissue sliding effects. In the 1st stage, the facial soft-tissue-change following bone movement was simulated using FEM with a simple sliding effect. In the 2nd stage, the tissue sliding effect was improved by reassigning the bone-soft tissue mapping and boundary condition. Our method has been quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated using 30 patient datasets. The two-stage FEM simulation method showed significant accuracy improvement in the whole face and the critical areas (i.e., lips, nose and chin) in comparison with the traditional FEM method.