Wavelet transform domain data embedding in a medical image

In this work, we propose a wavelet-based technique for embedding medical data in a medical image. In the spectral domain, the patient data are embedded into the wavelet coefficients of the host image. A diagnostic distortion measure (DDM) has been defined to measure the visible distortions between the original image and the embedded image. The performance of the DDM has been compared with the standard PSNR characteristics. The results show that DDM not only captures the distortions for different quantities of embedded data but also can quantify the differences when the same data are embedded at different subbands. The embedment of data into the mid and high frequency subbands of the host image show lower values of DDM and higher values of PSNR.

[1]  Wen-Jyi Hwang,et al.  Scalable medical data compression and transmission using wavelet transform for telemedicine applications , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[2]  Shankar M. Krishnan,et al.  Detection and measurement of retinal vessels in fundus images using amplitude modified second-order Gaussian filter , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[3]  Chin-Ming Hsu,et al.  A data-hiding technique with authentication, integration, and confidentiality for electronic patient records , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[4]  Theodoros N. Arvanitis,et al.  A multistage perceptual quality assessment for compressed digital angiogram images , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.

[5]  U. Rajendra Acharya,et al.  Compact storage of medical images with patient information , 2001, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[6]  Wilson S. Geisler,et al.  Image quality assessment based on a degradation model , 2000, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[7]  C.-C. Jay Kuo,et al.  A Haar Wavelet Approach to Compressed Image Quality Measurement , 2000, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[8]  Ahmed H. Tewfik,et al.  Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologies , 1998, Proc. IEEE.

[9]  Deepa Kundur,et al.  Digital watermarking using multiresolution wavelet decomposition , 1998, Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP '98 (Cat. No.98CH36181).

[10]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia , 1997, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[11]  Walter Bender,et al.  Techniques for data hiding , 1995, Electronic Imaging.

[12]  A. Makur,et al.  A robust image watermarking scheme based on perceptual contrast energy , 2004, International Conference on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing, 2004. Proceedings of.

[13]  Henk J. A. M. Heijmans,et al.  Reversible Data Embedding Based on the Haar Wavelet Decomposition , 2003, DICTA.

[14]  Langis Gagnon,et al.  Automatic visual quality assessment in optical fundus images , 2001 .