Intramedullary Nail Systems

Intramedullary osteosynthesis is a well-established method for the treatment of fractured long bones. The first intramedullary shaft implantations were reported by Bircher as early as 1886 [1] and by Hey Grooves in 1912 [2]. Both failed due to selection of inadequate implant material, i.e. ivory and nickel coated mild steel, respectively. Today’s intramedullary nail designs are based on Kunt-scher’s nail presented in 1940 [3], Modney’s locking nail in 1953 [4], and Kuntscher’s detensor in 1968 [5].

[1]  A. Tencer,et al.  Influences of Some Design Parameters on the Biomechanics of the Unreamed Tibial Intramedullary Nail , 1993, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[2]  A. Tencer,et al.  A biomechanical comparison of various methods of stabilization of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur , 1984, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[3]  M. Jakob,et al.  Vergleichende klinische Ergebnisse nach Femurnagelung und Verplattung , 1995 .

[4]  O. Reikerås,et al.  Healing of stable and unstable osteotomies in rats , 2004, Archives of orthopaedic and traumatic surgery.

[5]  A. Tencer,et al.  Mechanics of intramedullary nails for femoral fractures. , 1990, Der Unfallchirurg.

[6]  R. Woledge,et al.  The forces in the distal femur and the knee during walking and other activities measured by telemetry. , 1998, The Journal of arthroplasty.

[7]  A. Tencer,et al.  Biomechanical Factors Affecting Fracture Stability and Femoral Bursting in Closed Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Shaft Fractures, with Illustrative Case Presentations , 1987, Journal of orthopaedic trauma.

[8]  E. Mackenzie,et al.  Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pneumonia, and Mortality following Thoracic Injury and a Femoral Fracture Treated Either with Intramedullary Nailing with Reaming or with a Plate. A Comparative Study* , 1997, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[9]  E. McCarty,et al.  Reamed intramedullary nailing of the femur: 551 cases. , 1999, The Journal of trauma.

[10]  Wu Ys,et al.  The treatment of tibial and fibular fractures with a rectangle-shaped intramedullary nail. , 1993 .

[11]  Wilson C. Hayes,et al.  Basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics , 1995 .

[12]  N. Reimers,et al.  Biomechanics of femoral interlocking nails. , 2000, Injury.

[13]  J. Hollingdale,et al.  Complications following the use of the Marchetti flexible intramedullary nail. , 1996, Injury.

[14]  M T MODNY,et al.  THE PERFORATED CRUCIATE INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL: PRELIMINARY REPORT OF ITS USE IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS , 1953, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[15]  V. Bühren.  Kompressionsmarknagelung langer Röhrenknochen , 2000, Der Unfallchirurg.

[16]  G. Küntscher.  [Intramedullary nailing of comminuted fractures]. , 1968, Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie.

[17]  J. Schatzker.  Fractures of the distal femur revisited. , 1998, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[18]  T. Theologis,et al.  Femoral nailing for metastatic disease of the femur: a comparison of reamed and unreamed femoral nailing. , 2000, Injury.

[19]  Bick Em.  The intramedullary Nailing of Fractures by G. Küntscher. Translation of article in Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie, 200:443, 1940. , 1968 .

[20]  R. Brumback,et al.  Immediate weight-bearing after treatment of a comminuted fracture of the femoral shaft with a statically locked intramedullary nail. , 1999, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[21]  E. Chao,et al.  Comparison of osteotomy healing under external fixation devices with different stiffness characteristics. , 1984, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[22]  A. Miles,et al.  An experimental study of the failure modes of the Gamma Locking Nail and AO Dynamic Hip Screw under static loading: a cadaveric study. , 1997, Medical engineering & physics.