IWDRP: An Intelligent Water Drops Inspired Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

This paper deals with the problem of routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile devices deployed without any pre-established infrastructure or centralized administration. Routing is a very challenging issue since the appearance of this technology. The main goal of every routing protocol is to find a route between two communicating nodes while optimizing overall performances of the network. This paper introduces a novel routing protocol inspired from the nature and that should deal with the dynamic aspect of MANET. The used approach, called Intelligent Water Drops (IWD), mimics the processes that happen in the natural river systems, particularly, the actions that water drops perform in the rivers to find the shortest path to their destination (sea). In fact, it is observed that water drops of a river often find good paths among lots of possible paths in their ways from a source to a destination. We combined these ideas with a route failure prediction mechanism to develop a new routing protocol for MANETs called IWDRP. This prediction method is based on the received signal strength indicator. Further simulation results show that IWDRP is able to achieve better results in terms of packet delivery, end-to-end delay in comparison with AODV-BFABL. The achievement in this paper has certain reference value to the further study of the routing issue in MANETs.

[1]  Muddassar Farooq,et al.  Routing Protocols for Next-Generation Networks Inspired by Collective Behaviors of Insect Societies: An Overview , 2008, Swarm Intelligence.

[2]  R. A. Vatti,et al.  ACO Based Routing Algorithms for Ad-hoc Network (WSN, MANETs): A Survey , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies.

[3]  Rajesh Kumar,et al.  Optimal data aggregation tree in wireless sensor networks based on intelligent water drops algorithm , 2012, IET Wirel. Sens. Syst..

[4]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers , 1994, SIGCOMM.

[5]  Xiujuan Lei,et al.  Air robot path planning based on Intelligent Water Drops optimization , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence).

[6]  Hamed S. Al-Raweshidy,et al.  Smart data packet ad hoc routing protocol , 2014, Comput. Networks.

[7]  Djamil Aïssani,et al.  Routing Protocol Based on Tabu Search for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[8]  Imed Bouazizi,et al.  ARA-the ant-colony based routing algorithm for MANETs , 2002, Proceedings. International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshop.

[9]  Jiang Wu,et al.  Novel intelligent water drops optimization approach to single UCAV smooth trajectory planning , 2009 .

[10]  Hamed Shah-Hosseini,et al.  The intelligent water drops algorithm: a nature-inspired swarm-based optimization algorithm , 2009, Int. J. Bio Inspired Comput..

[11]  David A. Maltz,et al.  DSR: the dynamic source routing protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks , 2001 .

[12]  Dervis Karaboga,et al.  AN IDEA BASED ON HONEY BEE SWARM FOR NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION , 2005 .

[13]  Homayun Motameni,et al.  An intelligent water drops algorithm for solving robot path planning problem , 2013, 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI).

[14]  Peng Zhou,et al.  A Bidirectional Backup Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2012, 2012 Second International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization.

[15]  Luca Maria Gambardella,et al.  Ant Algorithms for Discrete Optimization , 1999, Artificial Life.

[16]  Swagatam Das,et al.  Ant colony optimization based enhanced dynamic source routing algorithm for mobile Ad-hoc network , 2015, Inf. Sci..

[17]  Marco Dorigo,et al.  AntNet: Distributed Stigmergetic Control for Communications Networks , 1998, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[18]  Andrew Y. C. Nee,et al.  An improved Intelligent Water Drops algorithm for achieving optimal job-shop scheduling solutions , 2012 .

[19]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing , 1999, Proceedings WMCSA'99. Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.

[20]  Gurpreet Singh Bhamra,et al.  Ant colony algorithms in MANETs: A review , 2012, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[21]  Lixia Zhang,et al.  A taxonomy of biologically inspired research in computer networking , 2010, Comput. Networks.

[22]  Mohammad R. Akbarzadeh-Totonchi,et al.  Intelligent water drops a new optimization algorithm for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics.

[23]  Zygmunt J. Haas,et al.  The zone routing protocol (zrp) for ad hoc networks" intemet draft , 2002 .

[24]  Philippe Jacquet,et al.  Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) , 2003, RFC.

[25]  G. Ram Mohana Reddy,et al.  Design and Evaluation of Load Balanced Termite: A Novel Load Aware Bio Inspired Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network , 2014, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[26]  Hui Cheng,et al.  Genetic Algorithms With Immigrants and Memory Schemes for Dynamic Shortest Path Routing Problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[27]  Hamed Shah-Hosseini,et al.  Optimization with the Nature-Inspired Intelligent Water Drops Algorithm , 2009 .

[28]  Vincent Park,et al.  Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) Version 1 Functional Specification , 2001 .

[29]  Marco Dorigo,et al.  Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents , 1996, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B.

[30]  Luca Maria Gambardella,et al.  AntHocNet: An Ant-Based Hybrid Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2004, PPSN.

[31]  Gianluca Reali,et al.  On ant routing algorithms in ad hoc networks with critical connectivity , 2008, Ad Hoc Networks.

[32]  Djamil Aïssani,et al.  On-Demand Routing Protocol with Tabu Search Based Local Route Repair in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2016, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[33]  Gurpreet Singh Bhamra,et al.  ANTALG: An Innovative ACO based Routing Algorithm for MANETs , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[34]  Lalit M. Patnaik,et al.  Genetic algorithms: a survey , 1994, Computer.

[35]  Hamed Shah-Hosseini,et al.  Intelligent water drops algorithm: A new optimization method for solving the multiple knapsack problem , 2008, Int. J. Intell. Comput. Cybern..

[36]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing , 2001, RFC.

[37]  James Kennedy,et al.  Particle swarm optimization , 2002, Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks.

[38]  Marco Dorigo.  Ant colony optimization , 2004, Scholarpedia.

[39]  Hamed Shah-Hosseini,et al.  Problem solving by intelligent water drops , 2007, 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation.

[40]  Luca Maria Gambardella,et al.  Principles and applications of swarm intelligence for adaptive routing in telecommunications networks , 2010, Swarm Intelligence.