Low-Frequency Coupling: Phenomena in Electic Transportation Systems

Electric transportation systems have increased in complexity in several ways. For example, electrical performance has increased from what was traditionally the core of the system, a rolling stock and traction supply circuit. Today, a plethora of devices are installed for signaling, communication, and control, requiring a proportionally larger number of interconnecting cables; the reliability and availability of the system has increased, as has user and stakeholder awareness; and system assurance and safety go through a complex and sophisticated process.