A computational approach towards conflict resolution for serious games

Conflict is an unavoidable feature of life, but the development of conflict resolution management skills can facilitate the parties involved in resolving their conflicts in a positive manner. The goal of our research is to develop a serious game in which children may experiment with conflict resolution strategies and learn how to work towards positive conflict outcomes. While serious games related to conflict exist at present, our work represents the first attempt to teach conflict resolution skills through a game in a manner informed by sociological and psychological theories of conflict and current best practice for conflict resolution. In this paper, we present a computational approach to conflict generation and resolution. We describe the five phases involved in our conflict modeling process: conflict situation creation, conflict detection, player modeling and conflict strategy prediction, conflict management, and conflict resolution, and discuss the three major elements of our player model: assertiveness, cooperativeness, and relationship. Finally, we overview a simple resource management game we have developed in which we have begun experimenting with our conflict model concepts.

[1]  Michael Mateas,et al.  Comme il Faut 2: a fully realized model for socially-oriented gameplay , 2010, FDG.

[2]  J. Huizinga Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture , 1938 .

[3]  Horst Löfgren,et al.  Empowering students to handle conflicts through the use of drama , 2007 .

[4]  Michael Grüninger,et al.  Introduction , 2002, CACM.

[5]  K. Thomas Conflict and conflict management: Reflections and update , 1992 .

[6]  Paul Pedersen Simulations: A Safe Place to Take Risks in Discussing Cultural Differences , 1995 .

[7]  J. Croft Conflict , 2007, The Evolution of Social Behaviour.

[8]  Mikael Weissmann,et al.  Conflict, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Management and Beyond : a conceptual exploration , 2005 .

[9]  Ana Paiva,et al.  FearNot! - An Emergent Narrative Approach to Virtual Dramas for Anti-bullying Education , 2007, International Conference on Virtual Storytelling.

[10]  Wenji Mao,et al.  Modeling Social Emotions and Social Attributions , 2005 .

[11]  C. Shantz Conflicts between children. , 1987 .

[12]  David W. Johnson,et al.  Conflict Resolution and Peer Mediation Programs in Elementary and Secondary Schools: A Review of the Research , 1996 .

[13]  M. van Vugt Cooperation and competition , 2009 .

[14]  B. Winn The Design, Play, and Experience Framework , 2009 .

[15]  Constance Steinkuehler,et al.  Critical Ethical Reasoning and Role-Play , 2008, Games Cult..

[16]  W. Hartup,et al.  Conflict in child and adolescent development , 1993 .

[17]  William J. Kreidler Teaching Conflict Resolution Through Children's Literature , 1999 .

[18]  Ana Paula Caetano,et al.  A assembleia de turma e mediação , 2011 .

[19]  Michael Szell,et al.  Measuring social dynamics in a massive multiplayer online game , 2009, Soc. Networks.

[20]  Julian Togelius,et al.  Towards Player Adaptivity in a Serious Game for Conflict Resolution , 2011, 2011 Third International Conference on Games and Virtual Worlds for Serious Applications.

[21]  Elaine M. Raybourn,et al.  Computer Game Design: New Directions for Intercultural Simulation Game Designers , 1997 .

[22]  Joseph E. Zins,et al.  Enhancing school-based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional, and academic learning. , 2003, The American psychologist.

[23]  Peter T. Coleman,et al.  The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice , 2000 .

[24]  Valerie Berenice Coles,et al.  Emotion and conflict , 2011 .

[25]  B. Laursen,et al.  Future Directions in the Study of Close Relationships: Conflict is Bad (Except When It's Not). , 2009, Social development.