Experimentally validated strain rate dependent material model for spherical ice impact simulation

Abstract A strain rate sensitive ice material model for spherical-geometry hail ice impact simulation has been developed using experimentally-measured strain rate dependent ice compressive strength data. Simulations of spherical ice impacts compared to dynamic force history measurements were found to be in close agreement with each other. The overall trend of measured peak impact force versus projectile kinetic energy was also compared, showing a strong correlation with the data. The scatter in the measured ice compressive strength data was incorporated in the model definition which in turn was found to capture the upper to lower bounds of the scatter in the measured ice sphere impact forces. Observations of the failure progression of an ice sphere during impact were made using high speed video. The simulation-predicted failure progression was found to match with the crack propagation developing during the impact experiments, thereby demonstrating that the model is representing the basic physics and phenomena governing spherical ice impacts, particularly the initial formation and growth of longitudinal cracks, and how these cracks relate to the development of peak impact force.

[1]  P. M. Render,et al.  Studies into hail ingestion of turbofan engines using a rotating fan and spinner assembly , 1998, The Aeronautical Journal (1968).

[2]  J. Tippmann.  Development of a Strain Rate Sensitive Ice Material Model for Hail Ice Impact Simulation , 2011 .

[3]  David M. Cole,et al.  Deformation and failure of ice under constant stress or constant strain-rate , 1982 .

[4]  Hyonny Kim,et al.  Compressive strength of ice at impact strain rates , 2007 .

[5]  Keith T. Kedward,et al.  Experimental investigation of high velocity ice impacts on woven carbon/epoxy composite panels , 2003 .

[6]  Kelly S. Carney,et al.  A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice , 2006 .

[7]  Peter M. Render,et al.  Effects of target curvature on the impact characteristics of simulated hailstones , 1997 .

[8]  E. Schulson,et al.  The Brittle Failure of Ice under Compression , 1997 .

[9]  Stephen J. Jones,et al.  High Strain-Rate Compression Tests on Ice , 1997 .

[10]  J. Currier,et al.  A Study on the Tensile Strength of Ice as a Function of Grain Size , 1982 .

[11]  Peter M. Render,et al.  Impact characteristics of hailstones simulating ingestion by turbofan aeroengines , 1996 .

[12]  David M. Cole,et al.  A Fracture Study of Ice Under High Strain Rate Loading , 2004 .

[13]  Hyonny Kim,et al.  Modeling Hail Ice Impacts and Predicting Impact Damage Initiation in Composite Structures , 2000 .

[14]  Alain Combescure,et al.  Experimental study of high-velocity impact and fracture of ice , 2011 .

[15]  D. Varas,et al.  Numerical modeling of ice behavior under high velocity impacts , 2012 .

[16]  J. Zhang,et al.  The Compressive Strength of Ice Cubes of Different Sizes , 1993 .

[17]  R. Othman,et al.  Experimental investigation of the kinematics of post-impact ice fragments , 2011 .

[18]  Bradley A. Lerch,et al.  High strain-rate behavior of ice under uniaxial compression , 2009 .

[19]  Hyonny Kim,et al.  Damage resistance of single lap adhesive composite joints by transverse ice impact , 2010 .

[20]  Jennifer Rhymer,et al.  Force criterion prediction of damage for carbon/epoxy composite panels impacted by high velocity ice , 2012 .

[21]  Allan Mills.  The coefficient of friction, particularly of ice , 2008 .

[22]  V. F. Petrenko,et al.  Physics of Ice , 1999 .