X-ray PIV measurements of blood flows without tracer particles

We analyzed the non-Newtonian flow characteristics of blood moving in a circular tube flow using an X-ray PIV method and compared the experimental results with hemodynamic models. The X-ray PIV method was improved for measuring quantitative velocity fields of blood flows using a coherent synchrotron X-ray. Without using any contrast media, this method can visualize flow pattern of blood by enhancing the phase-contrast and interference characteristics of blood cells. The enhanced X-ray images were achieved by optimizing the sample-to-scintillator distance, the sample thickness, and hematocrit in detail. The quantitative velocity fields of blood flows inside opaque conduits were obtained by applying a two-frame PIV algorithm to the X-ray images of the blood flows. The measured velocity data show typical features of blood flow such as the yield stress and shear-thinning effects.

[1]  Cheol Woo Park,et al.  Micro-PIV measurements of blood flow in a microchannel , 2004, SPIE BiOS.

[2]  S. Wilkins,et al.  Contrast and resolution in imaging with a microfocus x-ray source , 1997 .

[3]  K. Nugent,et al.  Quantitative Phase Imaging Using Hard X Rays. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[4]  Christopher W. Macosko,et al.  Rheology: Principles, Measurements, and Applications , 1994 .

[5]  A. Snigirev,et al.  On the possibilities of x-ray phase contrast microimaging by coherent high-energy synchrotron radiation , 1995 .

[6]  Sang Joon Lee,et al.  Synchrotron microimaging technique for measuring the velocity fields of real blood flows , 2005 .

[7]  Y. Kagoshima,et al.  10 keV X-Ray Phase-Contrast Microscopy for Observing Transparent Specimens , 2001 .

[8]  J. Je,et al.  International consortium on phase contrast imaging and radiology beamline at the Pohang Light Source , 2004 .

[9]  S. Wilkins,et al.  Hard x-ray quantitative non-interferometric phase-contrast microscopy , 1999 .

[10]  E. Pisano,et al.  Diffraction enhanced x-ray imaging. , 1997, Physics in medicine and biology.

[11]  A. Snigirev,et al.  Phase-mapping of periodically domain-inverted LiNbO3 with coherent X-rays , 1998, Nature.

[12]  P. Spanne,et al.  In-line holography and phase-contrast microtomography with high energy x-rays. , 1999, Physics in medicine and biology.

[13]  G. Kim,et al.  X-ray particle image velocimetry for measuring quantitative flow information inside opaque objects , 2003 .