Exploring the association between lifetime prevalence of mental illness and transition from substance use to substance use disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association between substance use disorders (SUDs) and mental illness (MI) has been well established. Previous studies reporting this association in various clinical populations have not taken into account former substance use. This may be important as increased prevalence of substance use among individuals with MI may partially explain the strong association between SUDs and MI. METHODS In this study we included only individuals with previous substance use and explored the association between lifetime diagnosis of MI and transition from substance use to SUDs. Analyses were conducted across six different categories of substances (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants) based on a large representative US sample, the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, n = 43,093). RESULTS Lifetime diagnoses of any MI, and particularly personality disorders and psychotic disorders, were found to be associated with higher prevalence of transition from substance use to SUDs across most categories of substances. This association was particularly strong for nicotine (adjusted OR = 2.95 (2.72-3.20)). CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This cross-sectional study expands on previous research by highlighting the association between lifetime diagnosis of any MI and increased rates of transition from substance use to SUDs across a range of substances. Longitudinal studies exploring temporal effects of this association are further needed.

[1]  C. Blanco,et al.  Probability and predictors of transition from first use to dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). , 2011, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[2]  Ronald C Kessler,et al.  Mental disorders as risk factors for substance use, abuse and dependence: results from the 10-year follow-up of the National Comorbidity Survey. , 2010, Addiction.

[3]  S. Bondy,et al.  Origin and use of the 100 cigarette criterion in tobacco surveys , 2009, Tobacco Control.

[4]  T. George,et al.  Mechanisms Underlying the Comorbidity of Tobacco Use in Mental Health and Addictive Disorders , 2009, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[5]  Ting-kai Li,et al.  Transitions in and out of alcohol use disorders: their associations with conditional changes in quality of life over a 3-year follow-up interval. , 2008, Alcohol and alcoholism.

[6]  J. Hewitt,et al.  Toward DSM-V: an item response theory analysis of the diagnostic process for DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in adolescents. , 2008, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[7]  Tammy Chung,et al.  How should we revise diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders in the DSM-V? , 2008, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[8]  S. Lapham,et al.  Underdiagnosis of comorbid mental illness in repeat DUI offenders mandated to treatment. , 2008, Journal of substance abuse treatment.

[9]  J. Hewitt,et al.  Item response theory analysis of DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence criteria in adolescents. , 2008, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[10]  A. Green,et al.  Substance abuse and schizophrenia: pharmacotherapeutic intervention. , 2008, Journal of substance abuse treatment.

[11]  B. Grant,et al.  The role of alcohol consumption in future classifications of alcohol use disorders. , 2007, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[12]  J. Anthony,et al.  Male-female differences in the risk of progression from first use to dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. , 2007, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[13]  B. Grant,et al.  Toward an alcohol use disorder continuum using item response theory: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions , 2006, Psychological Medicine.

[14]  B. Grant,et al.  Race-ethnicity and the prevalence and co-occurrence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, alcohol and drug use disorders and Axis I and II disorders: United States, 2001 to 2002. , 2006, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[15]  S. Patten,et al.  Self-Reported Diagnoses of Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders May Be Valuable for Monitoring and Surveillance , 2006, Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie.

[16]  H. Doll,et al.  Substance abuse and dependence in prisoners: a systematic review. , 2006, Addiction.

[17]  B. Grant,et al.  Co-occurrence of DSM-IV personality disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. , 2005, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[18]  B. Grant,et al.  Co-occurrence of 12-month mood and anxiety disorders and personality disorders in the US: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. , 2005, Journal of psychiatric research.

[19]  T. George,et al.  Nicotinic receptor mechanisms and cognition in normal states and neuropsychiatric disorders , 2004, Journal of psychopharmacology.

[20]  B. Grant,et al.  Prevalence and Co-Occurrence of Substance Use Disorders and Independent Mood and Anxiety Disorders , 2004, Archives of general psychiatry.

[21]  B. Grant,et al.  Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. , 2004, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[22]  B. Grant,et al.  Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States Design, Setting, and Participants Face-to-face Interviews Were Conducted in 2 , 2022 .

[23]  B. Grant,et al.  The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample. , 2003, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[24]  N. Martin,et al.  Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls. , 2003, JAMA.

[25]  J. Anthony,et al.  From First Drug Use to Drug Dependence: Developmental Periods of Risk for Dependence upon Marijuana, Cocaine, and Alcohol , 2002, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[26]  J D Miller,et al.  Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: can the Five-Factor Model adequately represent psychopathy? , 2001, Journal of personality.

[27]  L. Morey,et al.  Borderline personality: traits and disorder. , 2000, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[28]  T. Wilberg,et al.  Borderline and avoidant personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality: a comparison between DSM-IV diagnoses and NEO-PI-R. , 1999, Journal of personality disorders.

[29]  J. Westermeyer,et al.  Course of substance abuse in patients with and without schizophrenia. , 1999, The American journal on addictions.

[30]  B. Grant,et al.  Reliability of the Romanian Version of the Alcohol Module of the WHO Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities: Interview Schedule – Alcohol/Drug-Revised , 1998, European Addiction Research.

[31]  D J Healy,et al.  Nicotine dependence in schizophrenia: clinical phenomena and laboratory findings. , 1998, The American journal of psychiatry.

[32]  B. Grant,et al.  Concordance of DSM-IV alcohol and drug use disorder criteria and diagnoses as measured by AUDADIS-ADR, CIDI and SCAN. , 1997, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[33]  B. Grant,et al.  Reliability of the alcohol and drug modules of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule--Alcohol/Drug-Revised (AUDADIS-ADR): an international comparison. , 1997, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[34]  B. Grant,et al.  Concordance between ICD-10 alcohol and drug use disorder criteria and diagnoses as measured by the AUDADIS-ADR, CIDI and SCAN: results of a cross-national study. , 1997, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[35]  M. First,et al.  Dual diagnosis subtypes in urban substance abuse and mental health clinics. , 1997, Psychiatric services.

[36]  B. Grant,et al.  The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule (AUDADIS): reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a clinical sample. , 1997, Drug and alcohol dependence.

[37]  R. Brooner,et al.  Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opioid abusers. , 1997, Archives of general psychiatry.

[38]  R. Kessler,et al.  The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: implications for prevention and service utilization. , 1996, The American journal of orthopsychiatry.

[39]  A. Glassman.  Cigarette smoking: implications for psychiatric illness. , 1993, The American journal of psychiatry.

[40]  N. Andreasen,et al.  Comorbidity of substance abuse and schizophrenia: the role of pre-morbid adjustment , 1992, Psychological Medicine.

[41]  D S Rae,et al.  Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) Study. , 1990, JAMA.

[42]  J R Hughes,et al.  Prevalence of smoking among psychiatric outpatients. , 1986, The American journal of psychiatry.

[43]  A. Frances.  Categorical and dimensional systems of personality diagnosis: a comparison. , 1982, Comprehensive psychiatry.