Computer modelling of gross muscle dynamics.

Abstract A mathematical model incorporating mechanical and physiological parameters of an idealized bone-muscle system has been devised. When the model is numerically integrated by digital computer, the movement of a limb under the action of a muscle is simulated. The concept of the method and its application to the often suggested dichotomy between adaptation of muscle attachments for either speed or strength is presented. It is found that for most comparisons the model predicts an optimum set of attachment sites for maximizing any one given dynamic movement parameter. The optimum moment arm for high velocity of movement is relatively small, that for greatest power somewhat larger, and that for producing a specified motion in the least time larger still. These and other predictions of the model are compared to the actual disposition of muscles in living organisms.