Récidive postopératoire de la maladie de Crohn : quelle prise en charge en 2010 ?

Environ 80 % des patients atteints de maladie de Crohn auront recours a la chirurgie au cours de leur vie. Alors que la chirurgie ne concerne que l'intestin atteint, elle ne permet pas la guerison ni ne previent la recidive de la maladie. La prise en charge en periode postoperatoire des patients atteints de maladie de Crohn represente un defi pour les praticiens en termes de diagnostic de la recidive, evaluation des facteurs de risque de recidive et selection des patients devant beneficier d'un traitement preventif. En l'absence de regles etablies, les risques et benefices d'un traitement doivent etre discutes entre medecins et patients. Les patients sans facteurs de risque de recidive ou ceux ayant beneficie d'une premiere et courte resection intestinale sont consideres comme a faible risque de recidive. Les patients avec un ou plusieurs facteurs de risque ou avec une atteinte severe doivent beneficier d'un traitement preventif precocement apres la chirurgie par immunomodulateurs ou anti-TNF. Tous les patients doivent beneficier d'une ileocoloscopie avec inspection attentive de l'anastomose chirurgicale et de l'ileon terminal 6 a 12 mois apres la chirurgie.

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