Building the infrastructure: the effects of role identification behaviors on team cognition development and performance.

The primary purpose of this study was to extend theory and research regarding the emergence of mental models and transactive memory in teams. Utilizing Kozlowski, Gully, Nason, and Smith's (1999) model of team compilation, we examined the effect of role identification behaviors and posited that such behaviors represent the initial building blocks of team cognition during the role compilation phase of team development. We then hypothesized that team mental models and transactive memory would convey the effects of these behaviors onto team performance in the team compilation phase of development. Results from 60 teams working on a command-and-control simulation supported our hypotheses.

[1]  Verlin B. Hinsz,et al.  The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors. , 1997, Psychological bulletin.

[2]  J. Mathieu,et al.  Goal Orientation in Organizational Research: A Conceptual and Empirical Foundation , 1996 .

[3]  Clint A. Bowers,et al.  The Impact of Cross-Training and Workload on Team Functioning: A Replication and Extension of Initial Findings , 1998, Hum. Factors.

[4]  A. Hollingshead.  Retrieval processes in transactive memory systems , 1998 .

[5]  Jacob Cohen.  A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales , 1960 .

[6]  B. Mullen,et al.  Theories of group behavior , 1987 .

[7]  J. Mathieu,et al.  Investigating linear and interactive effects of shared mental models on safety and efficiency in a field setting. , 2005, The Journal of applied psychology.

[8]  Kyle Lewis,et al.  Knowledge and Performance in Knowledge-Worker Teams: A Longitudinal Study of Transactive Memory Systems , 2004, Manag. Sci..

[9]  J. Mathieu,et al.  The Influence of Team Knowledge and Formal Plans on Episodic Team Process-Performance Relationships , 2006 .

[10]  D. Wegner.  Transactive Memory: A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind , 1987 .

[11]  S. G. Cohen,et al.  What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite , 1997 .

[12]  Aleksander P. J. Ellis.  System Breakdown: The Role of Mental Models and Transactive Memory in the Relationship between Acute Stress and Team Performance , 2006 .

[13]  D. Ilgen,et al.  The Changing Nature of Performance: Implications for Staffing, Motivation, and Development. Frontiers of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. , 1999 .

[14]  E. Salas,et al.  Shared mental models in expert team decision making. , 1993 .

[15]  Kevin C. Stagl,et al.  Understanding team adaptation: a conceptual analysis and model. , 2006, The Journal of applied psychology.

[16]  Paul S. Hempel,et al.  Transactive memory system links work team characteristics and performance. , 2007, The Journal of applied psychology.

[17]  S. Kozlowski,et al.  Work Groups and Teams in Organizations , 2003 .

[18]  A. Hollingshead.  Cognitive interdependence and convergent expectations in transactive memory. , 2001, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[19]  S. Kozlowski,et al.  Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions , 2000 .

[20]  Aleksander P. J. Ellis,et al.  The Effects of Critical Team Member Assertiveness on Team Performance and Satisfaction , 2006 .

[21]  Eric Anthony Day,et al.  Relationships among team ability composition, team mental models, and team performance. , 2006, The Journal of applied psychology.

[22]  J. Lepine.  Adaptation of teams in response to unforeseen change: effects of goal difficulty and team composition in terms of cognitive ability and goal orientation. , 2005, The Journal of applied psychology.

[23]  Linda Argote,et al.  Training People to Work in Groups , 2002 .

[24]  J. Mathieu,et al.  The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance. , 2000, The Journal of applied psychology.

[25]  E. Salas,et al.  Team cognition : understanding the factors that drive process and performance , 2004 .

[26]  John E. Mathieu,et al.  A Temporally Based Framework and Taxonomy of Team Processes , 2001 .

[27]  K. Klein,et al.  Team mental models and team performance: a field study of the effects of team mental model similarity and accuracy , 2006 .

[28]  L. James,et al.  Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias. , 1984 .

[29]  D. Wegner.  A Computer Network Model of Human Transactive Memory , 1995 .

[30]  K. Sutcliffe,et al.  Management team learning orientation and business unit performance. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[31]  John R. Austin.  Transactive memory in organizational groups: the effects of content, consensus, specialization, and accuracy on group performance. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[32]  W. Ickes.  Compatible and Incompatible Relationships , 2012 .

[33]  M. D. Dunnette.  Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology , 2005 .

[34]  Christopher O. L. H. Porter,et al.  Goal orientation: effects on backing up behavior, performance, efficacy, and commitment in teams. , 2005, The Journal of applied psychology.

[35]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[36]  Nancy J. Cooke,et al.  Team cognition in experienced command-and-control teams. , 2007, Journal of experimental psychology. Applied.

[37]  S. Mohammed,et al.  The Measurement of Team Mental Models: We Have No Shared Schema , 2000 .

[38]  D. Wegner,et al.  Cognitive interdependence in close relationships , 1985 .

[39]  P. Bliese.  Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: Implications for data aggregation and analysis. , 2000 .

[40]  Daniel R. Ilgen,et al.  Effects of individual differences on the performance of hierarchical decision-making teams : Much more than g , 1997 .

[41]  J. Alberto Espinosa,et al.  Explicit versus implicit coordination mechanisms and task dependencies: One size does not fit all. , 2004 .

[42]  David A. Hofmann,et al.  Multilevel Analytical Techniques: Commonalties, Differences, and Continuing Questions. , 2000 .

[43]  C. Gibson,et al.  Team Implicit Coordination Processes: A Team Knowledge–Based Approach , 2008 .

[44]  Aleksander P. J. Ellis.  Capacity, Collaboration, and Commonality: A Framework for Understanding Team Learning , 2022 .

[45]  Dustin K. Jundt,et al.  Teams in organizations: from input-process-output models to IMOI models. , 2005, Annual review of psychology.

[46]  J. R. Landis,et al.  The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. , 1977, Biometrics.

[47]  Robert W. Swezey,et al.  Teams: Their Training and Performance , 1992 .

[48]  Daniel R. Ilgen,et al.  Team learning: collectively connecting the dots. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[49]  J. Mathieu,et al.  Performance implications of leader briefings and team-interaction training for team adaptation to novel environments. , 2000, The Journal of applied psychology.

[50]  S. Mohammed,et al.  Team mental models in a team knowledge framework: expanding theory and measurement across disciplinary boundaries , 2001 .

[51]  R. Moreland,et al.  Exploring the Performance Benefits of Group Training: Transactive Memory or Improved Communication? , 2000 .

[52]  Daniel R. Ilgen,et al.  Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Groups and Teams , 2006, Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society.

[53]  Dustin K. Jundt,et al.  Cutthroat Cooperation: Asymmetrical Adaptation To Changes In Team Reward Structures , 2006 .

[54]  W. Bennis,et al.  The Social Psychology of Organizations , 1966 .

[55]  M. Sobel.  Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models , 1982 .

[56]  D. Chan.  Functional Relations among Constructs in the Same Content Domain at Different Levels of Analysis: A Typology of Composition Models , 1998 .

[57]  C. Burke,et al.  The impact of cross-training on team effectiveness. , 2002, The Journal of applied psychology.

[58]  Kyle Lewis,et al.  Transactive Memory Systems, Learning, and Learning Transfer , 2005, Organ. Sci..

[59]  R. Keller,et al.  Cross-Functional Project Groups in Research and New Product Development: Diversity, Communications, Job Stress, and Outcomes , 2001 .

[60]  R. Moreland,et al.  Group Versus Individual Training and Group Performance: The Mediating Role of Transactive Memory , 1995 .

[61]  Kyle Lewis.  Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: scale development and validation. , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.