Simulation of Low-Frequency, Electromagnetic Phenomena in Plasmas

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the implicit formulation of the plasma dynamic equations has enlarged the scope of plasma simulation significantly. A phenomenon with VENUS is calculated on a time scale that is long compared with the electron plasma frequency, while retaining electron kinetic and inertia effects. As the examples illustrate, there is a lot of physics on longer time scales. It is difficult to compare the implicit moment method with the direct method, as they are not only at different stages of their development but also have developed differently. However, the heuristic approach adopted in developing the moment method and the more formal approach adopted in developing the direct method have both shown that many approximations can be made without sacrificing accuracy and stability. It is useful to compare fluid hybrid and full kinetic calculations with VENUS to understand the source of dissipation in the lower hybrid drift instability. An adaptively zoned particle simulation code is being developed, and new ways of solving the potential equations are explored.

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