Transport accounts—methodological concepts and empirical results

Although economic theory suggests social marginal cost pricing as the optimal pricing principle for transport infrastructure charging, information on the total (or average) social costs of transport and on the revenues from taxes and charges are important for pricing policy, for example for monitoring purposes and for the design of second-best prices. This paper provides empirical evidence on the total social costs and revenues for road, rail and air transport, covering all EU countries and Switzerland. It discusses methodologies to estimate the social costs of transport for all modes, focussing on practical experience with applying advanced methodological approaches both in the light of data quality and availability, and regarding the feasibility of conducting this type of research on a routine basis for transport policy.