Capacity-approaching transmission based on GMI-optimized modulation formats

Different approaches to design modulation formats have been reviewed to improve granularity and receiver sensitivity. Set-partitioning (SP) quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is found to be better than time-hybrid QAM at the same spectral efficiency. Multi-dimensional QAM optimized by pairwise optimization can outperform SP-QAM by ~ 0.5 dB. The results also suggest that modulation formats have to be designed at a reasonable system margin rather than comparing forward error correction (FEC) limit.

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