Wheat sustainable supply chain network design with forecasted demand by simulation

Abstract One of the most important challenges in any society is the issue of food and water supply. Undoubtedly, agriculture has a major role in water consumption, and grains have the largest use in the food of people. Bread is also an essential commodity in households and constitutes the staple food of many people. Proper investigation and management of its various stages, from production to distribution, can solve many problems. This research optimizes the sustainable supply chain network of wheat and its products. A multi-objective mathematical model is proposed to minimize network costs and water consumption and maximize job opportunities. Then, the multi-objective problem is transformed into a single-objective problem using the meta-goal programming method. Also, the uncertainty of the demand for wheat flour is addressed through simulation. A case study is considered to evaluate the proposed model, and the results, sensitivity analyses, managerial insights, and suggestions for future research are reported.

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