Glycoprotein biosynthesis in yeast

Many proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are modified by the attachment of N‐linked saccharides to asparagine, of O‐linked mannose glycans to serine or threonine, and of glycosylphosphoinositol membrane anchors. The biosynthetic events leading to these modifications are coupled to the secretory pathway. Early stages of N‐linked glycosylation and the formation of glycosylphosphoinositol anchors have been conserved through evolution of eukaryotes. Studies of yeast offer a variety of genetic and molecular biological approaches, which have led to the isolation of different glycosylation mutants and of genes for enzymes involved in glycosylation. Yeast mutants are useful to identify biosynthetic intermediates, to establish whether a given enzyme is essential for viability, and to determine how cellular functions are affected when glycosylation is perturbed. Yeast glycosylation mutants and genes can be used to identify their counterparts in other eukaryotes.—Herscovics, A.; Orlean, P. Glycoprotein biosynthesis in yeast. FASEB J. 7: 540‐550; 1993.

[1]  P. Robbins,et al.  Yeast glycoprotein biosynthesis: MNT1 encodes an alpha-1,2-mannosyltransferase involved in O-glycosylation. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[2]  A. Herscovics,et al.  Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification of the alpha-mannosidase which removes one specific mannose residue from Man9GlcNAc. , 1988, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[3]  F. Maley,et al.  Structure of oligosaccharides on Saccharomyces SUC2 invertase secreted by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[4]  G. Paravicini,et al.  PMI40, an intron-containing gene required for early steps in yeast mannosylation , 1992, Molecular and cellular biology.

[5]  W. Tanner,et al.  Cloning of the glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase gene from yeast. Pheromonal regulation of its transcription. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[6]  L. M. Hernández,et al.  Revision of the oligosaccharide structures of yeast carboxypeptidase Y. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[7]  S Udenfriend,et al.  Phosphatidylinositol glycan (PI-G) anchored membrane proteins. Amino acid requirements adjacent to the site of cleavage and PI-G attachment in the COOH-terminal signal peptide. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[8]  C. Boone,et al.  Yeast KRE2 defines a new gene family encoding probable secretory proteins, and is required for the correct N-glycosylation of proteins. , 1992, Genetics.

[9]  P. Robbins,et al.  Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a yeast mannosyltransferase from the asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[10]  R. Schekman,et al.  The yeast SEC53 gene encodes phosphomannomutase. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[11]  G. Kreibich,et al.  Oligosaccharyltransferase activity is associated with a protein complex composed of ribophorins I and II and a 48 kd protein , 1992, Cell.

[12]  R. Schekman,et al.  Early steps in processing of yeast glycoproteins. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[13]  C. Ballou.  Isolation, characterization, and properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn mutants with nonconditional protein glycosylation defects. , 1990, Methods in enzymology.

[14]  P. Orlean.  Dolichol phosphate mannose synthase is required in vivo for glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, O mannosylation, and N glycosylation of protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[15]  P. Lipke,et al.  Sexual agglutination in budding yeasts: structure, function, and regulation of adhesion glycoproteins. , 1992, Microbiological reviews.

[16]  R. Lester,et al.  Two different types of lipid moieties are present in glycophosphoinositol‐anchored membrane proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1992, The EMBO journal.

[17]  P. Orlean,et al.  Analysis of glycoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1991, Methods in enzymology.

[18]  A. Elbein,et al.  Partial purification of a mannosyltransferase involved in the O-mannosylation of glycoproteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1991, Glycobiology.

[19]  L. Alberghina,et al.  Isolation and deduced amino acid sequence of the gene encoding gp115, a yeast glycophospholipid-anchored protein containing a serine-rich region. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[20]  J. Schutzbach,et al.  Yeast dolichyl-phosphomannose synthase: reconstitution of enzyme activity with phospholipids. , 1992, Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire.

[21]  W. Lennarz,et al.  Evidence that the synthesis of glucosylphosphodolichol in yeast involves a 35-kDa membrane protein. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  Y Jigami,et al.  OCH1 encodes a novel membrane bound mannosyltransferase: outer chain elongation of asparagine‐linked oligosaccharides. , 1992, The EMBO journal.

[23]  W. Tanner,et al.  Dolichyl phosphate-mediated mannosyl transfer through liposomal membranes. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[24]  E. W. Jones,et al.  Protease B of the lysosomelike vacuole of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is homologous to the subtilisin family of serine proteases , 1987, Molecular and cellular biology.

[25]  M. Ferguson,et al.  Colworth Medal Lecture. Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchors: the tale of a tail. , 1992, Biochemical Society transactions.

[26]  R. B. Trimble,et al.  Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg3, sec18 mutant oligosaccharides. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[27]  R. B. Trimble,et al.  Glycoprotein biosynthesis in yeast: purification and characterization of the endoplasmic reticulum Man9 processing alpha-mannosidase. , 1991, Glycobiology.

[28]  C. Abeijon,et al.  Topography of glycosylation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. , 1992, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[29]  J. Rine,et al.  Asparagine-linked glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic analysis of an early step , 1984, Molecular and cellular biology.

[30]  G. Fink,et al.  The yeast cell fusion protein FUS1 is O-glycosylated and spans the plasma membrane. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[31]  P. Robbins,et al.  Chitinase is required for cell separation during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[32]  A. Herscovics,et al.  Disruption of the processing α-mannosidase gene does not prevent outer chain synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1993 .

[33]  E. Bause,et al.  Purification and characterization of trimming glucosidase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1986 .

[34]  C. A. Wilcox,et al.  Posttranslational processing of the prohormone-cleaving Kex2 protease in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretory pathway , 1991, The Journal of cell biology.

[35]  R. U. Margolis,et al.  Structural studies on sialylated and sulphated O-glycosidic mannose-linked oligosaccharides in the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan of brain. , 1987, The Biochemical journal.

[36]  R. Hill,et al.  Purification and characterization of a UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase specific for glycosylation of threonine residues. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[37]  D. Botstein,et al.  Characterization of the Saccharomyces Golgi complex through the cell cycle by immunoelectron microscopy. , 1992, Molecular biology of the cell.

[38]  M A Kukuruzinska,et al.  Protein glycosylation in yeast. , 1987, Annual review of biochemistry.

[39]  P. Orlean,et al.  Inositol acylation of a potential glycosyl phosphoinositol anchor precursor from yeast requires acyl coenzyme A. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[40]  L. M. Hernández,et al.  Localization of alpha 1----3-linked mannoses in the N-linked oligosaccharides of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn mutants. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[41]  A. Herscovics,et al.  Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding a specific processing alpha-mannosidase. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[42]  P. Orlean,et al.  A 13-amino acid peptide in three yeast glycosyltransferases may be involved in dolichol recognition. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[43]  F. Maley,et al.  Glycoprotein synthesis in yeast. Identification of Man8GlcNAc2 as an essential intermediate in oligosaccharide processing. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[44]  S. Fields,et al.  The two-hybrid system: a method to identify and clone genes for proteins that interact with a protein of interest. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[45]  L. Ballou,et al.  Vanadate-resistant yeast mutants are defective in protein glycosylation. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[46]  R. Lester,et al.  Isolation of mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that survive without sphingolipids , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.

[47]  A. Conzelmann,et al.  Myoinositol gets incorporated into numerous membrane glycoproteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; incorporation is dependent on phosphomannomutase (sec53). , 1990, The EMBO journal.

[48]  W. Lennarz,et al.  Glycosylation site binding protein and protein disulfide isomerase are identical and essential for cell viability in yeast. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[49]  P. Robbins,et al.  A guanosine diphosphatase enriched in Golgi vesicles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification and characterization. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[50]  M. Aebi,et al.  The yeast WBP1 is essential for oligosaccharyl transferase activity in vivo and in vitro. , 1992, The EMBO journal.

[51]  R. Schekman,et al.  Sec59 encodes a membrane protein required for core glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1989, Molecular and cellular biology.

[52]  P. Orlean,et al.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae sec59 cells are deficient in dolichol kinase activity. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[53]  P. Orlean,et al.  Topography of glycosylation in yeast: characterization of GDPmannose transport and lumenal guanosine diphosphatase activities in Golgi-like vesicles. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[54]  H. Riezman,et al.  A major 125‐kd membrane glycoprotein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is attached to the lipid bilayer through an inositol‐containing phospholipid. , 1988, The EMBO journal.

[55]  Characterization of the Saccharomyces Golgi complex through the cell cycle by immunoelectron microscopy. , 1992 .

[56]  K. Hauser,et al.  Saccharomyces cerevisiae a‐ and alpha‐agglutinin: characterization of their molecular interaction. , 1991, The EMBO journal.

[57]  H. Riezman,et al.  Determinants for glycophospholipid anchoring of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAS1 protein to the plasma membrane , 1991, Molecular and cellular biology.

[58]  G. Becker,et al.  Biosynthesis of phosphoinositol-containing sphingolipids from phosphatidylinositol by a membrane preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 1980, Journal of bacteriology.

[59]  D. Kelleher,et al.  The 48-kDa subunit of the mammalian oligosaccharyltransferase complex is homologous to the essential yeast protein WBP1. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[60]  G. Fink,et al.  The yeast Ca(2+)-ATPase homologue, PMR1, is required for normal Golgi function and localizes in a novel Golgi-like distribution. , 1992, Molecular biology of the cell.

[61]  A. Herscovics,et al.  Inhibition of N-linked complex oligosaccharide formation by 1-deoxynojirimycin, an inhibitor of processing glucosidases. , 1982, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[62]  A. Dell,et al.  Specificity of the mannosyltransferase which initiates outer chain formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1991, Glycobiology.

[63]  M. Lehrman.  Biosynthesis of N-acetylglucosamine-P-P-dolichol, the committed step of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide assembly. , 1991, Glycobiology.

[64]  P. Orlean,et al.  Cloning and sequencing of the yeast gene for dolichol phosphate mannose synthase, an essential protein. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[65]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Correction of a defect in mammalian GPI anchor biosynthesis by a transfected yeast gene. , 1990, Science.

[66]  R. Schekman,et al.  Glycosylation and processing of prepro-α-factor through the yeast secretory pathway , 1984, Cell.

[67]  A. Herscovics,et al.  Glycoprotein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Characterization of alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase which initiates outer chain formation. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[68]  D Botstein,et al.  Structure of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum: Localization of ER proteins using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy , 1991, Yeast.

[69]  R. B. Trimble,et al.  Structural heterogeneity in the Man8-13GlcNAc oligosaccharides from log-phase Saccharomyces yeast: a one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopic study. , 1992, Glycobiology.

[70]  C. Albright,et al.  The sequence and transcript heterogeneity of the yeast gene ALG1, an essential mannosyltransferase involved in N-glycosylation. , 1990, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[71]  P. Robbins,et al.  Synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Man2GlcNAc2 and Man1GlcNAc2 are transferred from dolichol to protein in vivo. , 1989, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[72]  C. Ballou,et al.  Separation and characterization of two alpha 1,2-mannosyltransferase activities from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. , 1991, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[73]  P. Robbins,et al.  Yeast mutants deficient in protein glycosylation. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[74]  A. Herscovics,et al.  Partial purification from Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a soluble glucosidase which removes the terminal glucose from the oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. , 1981, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[75]  V. Stevens,et al.  Phosphatidylethanolamine is the donor of the ethanolamine residue linking a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor to protein. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[76]  A. Burlingame,et al.  A new Saccharomyces cerevisiae mnn mutant N-linked oligosaccharide structure. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[77]  C. Devlin,et al.  Identification and characterization of a gene and protein required for glycosylation in the yeast Golgi , 1990, Molecular microbiology.

[78]  Janina Maier,et al.  Guide to yeast genetics and molecular biology. , 1991, Methods in enzymology.

[79]  J. Sambrook,et al.  The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DPM1 gene encoding dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase is able to complement a glycosylation-defective mammalian cell line , 1990, Molecular and cellular biology.