The Efficiency of Industrial Processes: Exergy Analysis and Optimization

1. Coefficients of Energy Transformation (CET) and Exergy Efficiency (CEE) for Different Industrial Systems. Thermodynamic approaches to evaluating system performance. Efficiency of mechanics, hydraulics an electrical technics. Coefficient of energy transformation (CET) and efficiency. 2. The Concepts and Values Needed for Determination of CEE. Energy and exergy. The particularities of the notions of "environment " and "surroundings" in exergy analysis. The exergy of steady matter flow. Chemical exergy and its parts. The exergy of industrial fuels. The exergy of solutions. Exergy of energy flows. 3. Coefficients of Exergy Efficiency. Kinds and characteristics of exergy losses. Generalised determination of the CEE: Statement of the problem. Approaches to determination of the CEE in thermodynamic systems. Calculation of transit exergy. Recommendations for determination of CEE at different levels of exergy analysis. 4. CEE Reflecting a System's Internal Thermodynamic Efficiency. CEE of closed engineering systems. CEE of the main processes in the systems for energy and material transformation. 5. Fields of Application of CEE. Basic concept. Creation of engineering systems - "to be or not to be? " Estimation of new phenomena for improvement of engineering systems. Thermodynamic analysis of engineering systems. Thermodynamic optimization of engineering systems. 6. Generalised Dependence of the Efficiency of the System on the Efficiency of the System Elements. Structure of engineering systems and the internal connection of its elements. Relationship of the efficiency of a system and its elements connected in series and in parallel. Relationship of the efficiency of a system and its elements in any complex connections. Application of the general formula relating efficiency of a system and efficiencies of its component parts for the analysis and thermodynamic optimization of engineering systems. 7. The functions of Technical Value and its Relationship with CEE. Application to Energy Storage and Upgrading by Separation and Mixing. Storage and upgrading of energy by separation and mixing (SUESAM) processes. The sorption heat pump (S.H.P.): Exergy analysis. Technical appraisal of a S.H.P. Technical appraisal of hybrid systems (absorption-compression) to upgrade industrial waste heat. 8. Efficiency in Techno-Economic and Ecological calculations. Selection of objective functions for thermodynamic and techno-economic optimization: Their relationship with efficiency. Comparison of the exergetic and operating cost optima of heat exchangers. Efficiency applications to costing in multi-product plants. Optimisation of equipment and operating costs. Efficiency of biological processes. References. Index.