Chemotaxis of human articular chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells

Migration of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be important in cartilage development, tissue response to injury, and in tissue engineering. This study analyzed growth factors and cytokines for their ability to induce migration of human articular chondrocytes and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in Boyden chamber assays.In human articular chondrocytes serum induced dose‐ and time‐dependent increases in cell migration. Among a series of growth factors and cytokines tested only PDGF induced a significant increase in cell migration. The PDGF isoforms AB and BB were more potent than AA. There was an aging‐related decline in the ability of chondrocytes to migrate in response to serum and PDGF. Human bone marrow MSC showed significant chemotaxis responses to several factors, including FBS, PDGF, VEGF, IGF‐1, IL‐8, BMP‐4, and BMP‐7. In summary, these results demonstrate that directed cell migration is inducible in human articular chondrocytes and MSC. PDGF is the most potent factor analyzed, and may be useful to promote tissue integration during cartilage repair or tissue engineering. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1407–1412, 2008

[1]  R. Fragoso-Soriano,et al.  Chondrocytes interconnecting tracks and cytoplasmic projections observed within the superficial zone of normal human articular cartilage—A transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and two‐photon excitation microscopy studies , 2007, Microscopy research and technique.

[2]  R. Tuan,et al.  Major biological obstacles for persistent cell-based regeneration of articular cartilage , 2007, Arthritis research & therapy.

[3]  K. Weinberg,et al.  The Role of the Hyaluronan Receptor CD44 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration in the Extracellular Matrix , 2006, Stem cells.

[4]  E. Seifried,et al.  Induction and detection of human mesenchymal stem cell migration in the 48-well reusable transwell assay. , 2005, Stem cells and development.

[5]  R. Tuan,et al.  A three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[6]  C. Hidaka,et al.  Maturational differences in superficial and deep zone articular chondrocytes , 2005, Cell and Tissue Research.

[7]  U. Eriksson,et al.  The PDGF family: four gene products form five dimeric isoforms. , 2004, Cytokine & growth factor reviews.

[8]  M. Lotz,et al.  Identification of mesenchymal progenitor cells in normal and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage. , 2004, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[9]  Ilyas M. Khan,et al.  The surface of articular cartilage contains a progenitor cell population , 2004, Journal of Cell Science.

[10]  G. Borisy,et al.  Cell Migration: Integrating Signals from Front to Back , 2003, Science.

[11]  J. Mao,et al.  Tissue-engineered Neogenesis of Human-shaped Mandibular Condyle from Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells , 2003, Journal of dental research.

[12]  A. Dimmler,et al.  Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells encapsulated in ultrahigh‐viscosity alginate , 2003, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[13]  D. Lauffenburger,et al.  Motile chondrocytes from newborn calf: migration properties and synthesis of collagen II. , 2003, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[14]  Jörg Fiedler,et al.  BMP‐2, BMP‐4, and PDGF‐bb stimulate chemotactic migration of primary human mesenchymal progenitor cells , 2002, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[15]  S W O'Driscoll,et al.  The role of periosteum in cartilage repair. , 2001, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[16]  C. Heldin,et al.  Mechanisms of platelet‐derived growth factor–induced chemotaxis , 2001, International journal of cancer.

[17]  H. Naora,et al.  Effects of hyaluronic acid and basic fibroblast growth factor on motility of chondrocytes and synovial cells in culture , 2001, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[18]  M. Pittenger,et al.  Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. , 1999, Science.

[19]  M. Lotz,et al.  IL-18 is produced by articular chondrocytes and induces proinflammatory and catabolic responses. , 1999, Journal of immunology.

[20]  U. Hedin,et al.  Heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate a potent inhibitory signal for migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. , 1998, Circulation research.

[21]  A I Caplan,et al.  In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. , 1998, Experimental cell research.

[22]  T. Aigner,et al.  Transplantation of allograft chondrocytes embedded in agarose gel into cartilage defects of rabbits. , 1998, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[23]  K. Minakuchi,et al.  Chondrocyte migration to fibronectin, type I collagen, and type II collagen. , 1997, Cell structure and function.

[24]  S. Abramson,et al.  Effects of nitric oxide on chondrocyte migration, adhesion, and cytoskeletal assembly. , 1996, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[25]  A. Caplan,et al.  Osteochondrogenic potential of marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells exposed to TGF‐β1 or PDGF‐BB as assayed in vivo and in vitro , 1996, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[26]  S. Jimenez,et al.  Ultrastructural study of chondrocytes from fibrillated and non-fibrillated human osteoarthritic cartilage. , 1996, Osteoarthritis and cartilage.

[27]  E. Hunziker,et al.  Repair of Partial-Thickness Defects in Articular Cartilage: Cell Recruitment from the Synovial Membrane* , 1996, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[28]  T Nakamura,et al.  Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor modulates cell motility, proliferation, and proteoglycan synthesis of chondrocytes , 1995, The Journal of cell biology.

[29]  C. Heldin,et al.  PDGF alpha‐ and beta‐receptors activate unique and common signal transduction pathways. , 1992, The EMBO journal.

[30]  P. Simmons,et al.  Identification of stromal cell precursors in human bone marrow by a novel monoclonal antibody, STRO-1 , 1991 .

[31]  P. Simmons,et al.  Identification of stromal cell precursors in human bone marrow by a novel monoclonal antibody, STRO-1. , 1991, Blood.

[32]  R. Ross,et al.  Platelet-derived growth factor in vivo: levels, activity, and rate of clearance , 1984 .

[33]  H. Mankin,et al.  Biochemical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteoarthritic human hips. III. Distribution and metabolism of amino sugar-containing macromolecules. , 1981, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[34]  Campbell Cj.  The healing of cartilage defects. , 1969 .

[35]  C. J. Campbell.  The healing of cartilage defects. , 1969, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.