Fully 2D and 3D printed anisotropic mechanoluminescent objects and their application for energy harvesting in the dark

We report on new material compositions enabling fully printed mechanoluminescent 3D devices by using a one-step direct write 3D printing technology. The ink is composed of PDMS, transition metal ion-doped ZnS particles, and a platinum curing retarder that enables a long open time for the printing process. 3D printed mechanoluminescent multi-material objects with complex structures were fabricated, in which light emission results from stretching or wind blowing. The multi-material printing yielded anisotropic light emission upon compression from different directions, enabling its use as a directional strain and pressure sensor. The mechanoluminescent light emission peak was tailored to match that of a perovskite material, and therefore, enabled the direct conversion of wind power in the dark into electricity, by linking the printed device to perovskite-based solar cells.

[1]  L. Etgar,et al.  High efficiency quasi 2D lead bromide perovskite solar cells using various barrier molecules , 2017 .

[2]  Amir Hosein Sakhaei,et al.  Highly Stretchable and UV Curable Elastomers for Digital Light Processing Based 3D Printing , 2017, Advanced materials.

[3]  V. Venkatesh,et al.  Dynamic characterization of elastico-mechanoluminescence towards structural health monitoring , 2017 .

[4]  R. Sijbesma,et al.  Covalent Bond Scission in the Mullins Effect of a Filled Elastomer: Real‐Time Visualization with Mechanoluminescence , 2016 .

[5]  Soon Moon Jeong,et al.  Mechanoluminescence Color Conversion by Spontaneous Fluorescent‐Dye‐Diffusion in Elastomeric Zinc Sulfide Composite , 2016 .

[6]  Soon Moon Jeong,et al.  Simultaneous dual-channel blue/green emission from electro-mechanically powered elastomeric zinc sulphide composite , 2016 .

[7]  Eun Mi Kim,et al.  Origin of Mechanoluminescence from Cu-Doped ZnS Particles Embedded in an Elastomer Film and Its Application in Flexible Electro-mechanoluminescent Lighting Devices. , 2016, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[8]  Jianhua Hao,et al.  White and green light emissions of flexible polymer composites under electric field and multiple strains , 2015 .

[9]  Alexandra M. Golobic,et al.  Highly compressible 3D periodic graphene aerogel microlattices , 2015, Nature Communications.

[10]  Alexandra L. Rutz,et al.  Three-dimensional printing of high-content graphene scaffolds for electronic and biomedical applications. , 2015, ACS nano.

[11]  Zhong Lin Wang,et al.  Dynamic Pressure Mapping of Personalized Handwriting by a Flexible Sensor Matrix Based on the Mechanoluminescence Process , 2015, Advanced materials.

[12]  Kyung-Il Joo,et al.  Bright, wind-driven white mechanoluminescence from zinc sulphide microparticles embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer , 2014 .

[13]  Soon Moon Jeong,et al.  Color Manipulation of Mechanoluminescence from Stress‐Activated Composite Films , 2013, Advanced materials.

[14]  B. P. Chandra,et al.  Self-recovery of mechanoluminescence in ZnS:Cu and ZnS:Mn phosphors by trapping of drifting charge carriers , 2013 .

[15]  Chao-Nan Xu,et al.  Historical-Log Recording System for Crack Opening and Growth Based on Mechanoluminescent Flexible Sensor , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[16]  Amir H. Gandomi,et al.  Stress sensing performance using mechanoluminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu (SAOE) and SrAl2O4:Eu, Dy (SAOED) under mechanical loadings , 2013 .

[17]  Soon Moon Jeong,et al.  Mechanically driven light-generator with high durability , 2013 .

[18]  Chao‐Nan Xu,et al.  Mechanoluminescent light source for a fluorescent probe molecule. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[19]  B. P. Chandra,et al.  Mechanoluminescence response to the plastic flow of coloured alkali halide crystals , 2010 .

[20]  David L. Kaplan,et al.  Biocompatible Silk Printed Optical Waveguides , 2009 .

[21]  Dong-Woo Cho,et al.  Blended PCL/PLGA scaffold fabrication using multi-head deposition system , 2009 .

[22]  J. Cesarano,et al.  Direct Ink Writing of Three‐Dimensional Ceramic Structures , 2006 .

[23]  J. A. Lewis.  Direct Ink Writing of 3D Functional Materials , 2006 .

[24]  Chao‐Nan Xu,et al.  Photocell System Driven by Mechanoluminescence , 2006 .

[25]  G. Chai,et al.  Synthesis of Ordered, Uniform, Macroporous Carbons with Mesoporous Walls Templated by Aggregates of Polystyrene Spheres and Silica Particles for Use as Catalyst Supports in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells , 2004 .

[26]  D. Beebe,et al.  Microfluidic tectonics platform: A colorimetric, disposable botulinum toxin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay system , 2004, Electrophoresis.

[27]  Yaron Silberberg,et al.  Discretizing light behaviour in linear and nonlinear waveguide lattices , 2003, Nature.

[28]  Michael J. Sailor,et al.  Polymer Replicas of Photonic Porous Silicon for Sensing and Drug Delivery Applications , 2003, Science.

[29]  Chao-Nan Xu,et al.  Influence of Eu, Dy co-doped strontium aluminate composition on mechanoluminescence intensity , 2002 .

[30]  Chao‐Nan Xu,et al.  Dynamic Visualization of Stress Distribution by Mechanoluminescence Image , 2008 .

[31]  Chao-Nan Xu,et al.  Artificial skin to sense mechanical stress by visible light emission , 1999 .

[32]  S. Asher,et al.  Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials , 1997, Nature.

[33]  H. Hashimoto,et al.  Emission of charged particles from indentation fracture of rocks , 1990, Nature.

[34]  D A Parthenopoulos,et al.  Three-Dimensional Optical Storage Memory , 1989, Science.

[35]  A. Walton,et al.  Triboluminescence of glasses and quartz , 1983 .

[36]  J. Zink,et al.  Mechanical characteristics and mechanism of the triboluminescence of fluorescent molecular crystals , 1980 .