Plant extracts as a source of bio-insecticide for mosquito control, review

Mosquitoes are the vectors of the major infectious diseases of Public Health concern such as Malaria, Dengue, Lymphatic filariasis, Yellow fever, Chikwungunya and Zika virus causing morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical Africa and the present practice of using synthetic chemical insecticides to control mosquito vectors have result in the development of serious resistance, persistent pollution and damaging the ecosystem. This work reviewed the adulticidal activities of some plants extracts and oils: Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), Spear mint (Mentha piperita), Lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum), Coffee senna (Senna occidentalis), Purple dead-nettle (Lamium purpurium), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaves extracted with different solvents and were established as effective bio-insecticide against different genus and species of mosquitoes which can be used as an alternative means of controlling the population of mosquito vectors that would be environmentally safe and support the ecosystem. According to the established results reviewed in this work, different solvent extracts of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrates), Spear mint (Mentha and Coffee senna (Senna occidentalis) were observed to possess high adulticidal activities against different species of mosquitoes. Therefore, we conclude that the activities of plant extract against mosquito species depend on the solvent used in extracting the phytochemicals responsible in the responses. We recommended the use of these plants extract as bio-insecticide against mosquito vectors.