Performance and Cost Modeling of Ultrafiltration

Models describing permeate flux, rejection, and cost are coupled to evaluate the performance and cost of ultrafiltration as a function of raw-water quality. The model for permeate flux extends a previous model for colloidal fouling based on shear-induced diffusivity to include Brownian diffusion. Contaminant removal is modeled as mechanical sieving and molecular diameter is regressed against weight to describe removal of natural organic matter (NOM). Time-dependent permeate flux is considered in estimating operating times required to achieve a specified recovery. Costs are calculated as a function of particle-size distribution in the raw water. Particles with diameters on the order of 10 −1 μm display minimum diffusivities, which leads to maximum system costs with respect to particle size. Fine materials ( <0.5 μm), with high cake resistance, demonstrate pressure-independent permeate flux for conditions typical of hollow fiber ultrafiltration. In some cases, a minimum in system costs as a function of reco...

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