An Online Admission Control Mechanism for Electric Vehicles at Public Parking Infrastructures

We study an online reservation system that allows electric vehicles (EVs) to park and charge at parking facilities equipped with EV supply equipment (EVSEs). We consider the case where EVs arrive in an online fashion and the facility coordinator must immediately make an admission or rejection decision as well as assign a specific irrevocable parking spot to each admitted EV. By means of strategic user admittance and smart charging, the objective of the facility coordinator is to maximize total user utility minus the operational costs of the facilities. We discuss an online pricing mechanism based on primal-dual methods for combinatorial auctions that functions as both an admission controller and a distributor of the facilities’ limited charging resources. We analyze the online pricing mechanism’s performance compared to the optimal offline solution and provide numerical results that validate the mechanism’s performance for various test cases.

[1]  Matthew S. Maxwell,et al.  Approximate Dynamic Programming for Ambulance Redeployment , 2010, INFORMS J. Comput..

[2]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  An Online Mechanism for Multi-Unit Demand and its Application to Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging , 2013, J. Artif. Intell. Res..

[3]  Mahnoosh Alizadeh,et al.  An Online Pricing Mechanism for Electric Vehicle Parking Assignment and Charge Scheduling , 2019, 2019 American Control Conference (ACC).

[4]  Else Veldman,et al.  Distribution Grid Impacts of Smart Electric Vehicle Charging From Different Perspectives , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[5]  Xiaowen Chu,et al.  Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placement: Formulation, Complexity, and Solutions , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[6]  Bryce L. Ferguson,et al.  Optimal Planning of Workplace Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure with Smart Charging Opportunities , 2018, 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC).

[7]  Francois Bouffard,et al.  Electric vehicle aggregator/system operator coordination for charging scheduling and services procurement , 2013, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[8]  Nikhil R. Devanur,et al.  Primal Dual Gives Almost Optimal Energy Efficient Online Algorithms , 2014, SODA.

[9]  Zhiwei Xu,et al.  Optimal Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicles in Power Grids With Cost-Benefit Analysis—Part I: Enabling Techniques , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[10]  Zhiwei Xu,et al.  An Integrated Planning Framework for Different Types of PEV Charging Facilities in Urban Area , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[11]  Zhiwei Xu,et al.  Optimal Planning of PEV Charging Station With Single Output Multiple Cables Charging Spots , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[12]  Johan Driesen,et al.  Design Criteria for Electric Vehicle Fast Charge Infrastructure Based on Flemish Mobility Behavior , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[13]  Eilyan Bitar,et al.  Deadline differentiated pricing of deferrable electric power service , 2012, 2012 IEEE 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[14]  Warren B. Powell,et al.  Approximate Dynamic Programming - Solving the Curses of Dimensionality , 2007 .

[15]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  A model-based online mechanism with pre-commitment and its application to electric vehicle charging , 2012, AAMAS.

[16]  Robert H. Storer,et al.  An approximate dynamic programming approach for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands , 2009, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[17]  Luca Valcarenghi,et al.  Policies for efficient usage of an EV charging infrastructure deployed in city parking facilities , 2013, 2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST).

[18]  Xue Liu,et al.  Auc2Charge: An Online Auction Framework for Eectric Vehicle Park-and-Charge , 2015, e-Energy.

[19]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  A Survey on the Electrification of Transportation in a Smart Grid Environment , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[20]  Ness B. Shroff,et al.  Online welfare maximization for electric vehicle charging with electricity cost , 2014, e-Energy.

[21]  Dimitri P. Bertsekas,et al.  Approximate Dynamic Programming , 2017, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining.

[22]  Vaneet Aggarwal,et al.  Control of Charging of Electric Vehicles Through Menu-Based Pricing , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[23]  Margaret Smith,et al.  Costs Associated With Non-Residential Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment: Factors to consider in the implementation of electric vehicle charging stations , 2015 .

[24]  Alireza Zakariazadeh,et al.  Optimal scheduling of electric vehicles in an intelligent parking lot considering vehicle-to-grid concept and battery condition , 2014 .

[25]  Mahnoosh Alizadeh,et al.  Online Pricing Mechanisms for Electric Vehicle Management at Workplace Charging Facilities , 2018, 2018 56th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton).

[26]  Zhipeng Liu,et al.  Optimal Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[27]  Yan Xu,et al.  A Multi-Objective Collaborative Planning Strategy for Integrated Power Distribution and Electric Vehicle Charging Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[28]  Arobinda Gupta,et al.  A Review of Charge Scheduling of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid , 2015, IEEE Systems Journal.

[29]  Kit Po Wong,et al.  Traffic-Constrained Multiobjective Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.