Suitability of PLA/TCP for fused deposition modeling

Purpose – Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a layer by layer technology with the potential to create complex and individual parts from thermoplastic materials such as ABS. The use of Polylactic acid (PLA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as resorbable composite is state of the art in tissue engineering and maxillofacial surgery. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the processing conditions and the performance of parts (e.g. mechanical properties) manufactured with a FDM machine.Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the general suitability of PLA for the processing with FDM is evaluated and material specific effects (e.g. crystallization and shrinkage) are shown. Therefore, the characterization of the semi‐crystalline biodegradable material by thermal, mechanical and microscopic analysis is carried out.Findings – Facts, which affect the functional properties of the samples, are analyzed. Among them, the processing temperature and sample size significantly affect the morphology of the final compo...

[1]  D W Hutmacher,et al.  A comparative analysis of scaffold material modifications for load-bearing applications in bone tissue engineering. , 2006, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[2]  David W. Rosen,et al.  Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing , 2009 .

[3]  Yongnian Yan,et al.  Fabrication of porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering via low-temperature deposition , 2002 .

[4]  Anita J. Hill,et al.  Thermal degradation of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) blends , 2002 .

[5]  Amit Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Processing of controlled porosity ceramic structures via fused deposition , 1999 .

[6]  I Zein,et al.  Mechanical properties and cell cultural response of polycaprolactone scaffolds designed and fabricated via fused deposition modeling. , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[7]  Amit Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Development of controlled porosity polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds via fused deposition modeling , 2003 .

[8]  Dichen Li,et al.  Design and fabrication of CAP scaffolds by indirect solid free form fabrication , 2005 .

[9]  A Ahluwalia,et al.  Microsyringe-based deposition of two-dimensional and three-dimensional polymer scaffolds with a well-defined geometry for application to tissue engineering. , 2002, Tissue engineering.

[10]  K. Shakesheff,et al.  Three‐Dimensional Bioactive and Biodegradable Scaffolds Fabricated by Surface‐Selective Laser Sintering , 2005, Advanced materials.

[11]  M. Vallet‐Regí,et al.  Hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate/agarose macroporous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering , 2008 .

[12]  C. V. van Blitterswijk,et al.  Design of porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering using a three-dimensional fiber-deposition technique. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[13]  Yongnian Yan,et al.  Layered manufacturing of tissue engineering scaffolds via multi-nozzle deposition , 2003 .

[14]  K. Leong,et al.  Scaffold development using selective laser sintering of polyetheretherketone-hydroxyapatite biocomposite blends. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[15]  I. Zein,et al.  Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architectures for tissue engineering applications. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[16]  Dominik Rietzel,et al.  Additive Processing of Polymers , 2008 .

[17]  M. Shive,et al.  Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres , 1997 .

[18]  Margam Chandrasekaran,et al.  Rapid prototyping in tissue engineering: challenges and potential. , 2004, Trends in biotechnology.

[19]  L. Lim,et al.  Processing technologies for poly(lactic acid) , 2008 .

[20]  Amit Bandyopadhyay,et al.  Pore size and pore volume effects on alumina and TCP ceramic scaffolds , 2003 .

[21]  Syed H. Masood,et al.  Design and fabrication of reconstructive mandibular models using fused deposition modeling , 2008 .

[22]  S. Kim,et al.  Structural effect of linear and star‐shaped poly(L‐lactic acid) on physical properties , 2004 .

[23]  A.C.W. Lau,et al.  Precision extruding deposition and characterization of cellular poly‐ε‐caprolactone tissue scaffolds , 2004 .

[24]  Yongnian Yan,et al.  Fabrication of porous poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering via precise extrusion , 2001 .

[25]  Ian Gibson,et al.  Rapid prototyping: from product development to medicine and beyond , 2006 .

[26]  C A van Blitterswijk,et al.  3D fiber-deposited scaffolds for tissue engineering: influence of pores geometry and architecture on dynamic mechanical properties. , 2006, Biomaterials.