General Impedance Representation of Passive Devices Based on Measurement

Noise propagation from power stages of power converters to their low-voltage control boards depends on multiple complex paths, generally created by parasitic capacitors across isolation barriers. These barriers can be easily crossed by the high frequencies (up to 100 MHz [5]) generated by new semiconductor technologies such as SiC and GaN resulting in compromised signal integrity on the control side. A common approach to overcome this problem is by using filter. However, due to the presence of several complex propagation paths, DM and CM modes are not properly defined at board level, causing difficulties to predict filter's performance. To cope with this issue, the node-to-node impedance function (NIF) is proposed to identify the impedance of all possible propagation paths in the filter. In the considered frequency range ( $>$30 MHz), NIF parameters identification precision is altered by the impedance of shorting paths used in measurement procedure. In this paper, an optimization procedure based on Newton–Raphson algorithm is proposed to remove these errors. This improved version of NIF is named General Impedance Representation (GIR). Thanks to its generality, the GIR can also applicable for all kinds of passive devices. Experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of GIR.

[1]  Bozidar Filipovic-Grcic,et al.  High-Frequency Model of the Power Transformer Based on Frequency-Response Measurements , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[2]  Bjorn Gustavsen.  Wide band modeling of power transformers , 2004 .

[3]  Kye Yak See,et al.  In-Circuit Characterization of Common-Mode Chokes , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[4]  Donald Greenspan,et al.  Numerical Analysis For Applied Mathematics, Science, And Engineering , 1988 .

[5]  Steven D. Pekarek,et al.  Derivation and Application of Equivalent Circuits to Model Common-Mode Current in Microgrids , 2017, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[6]  Tore M. Undeland,et al.  On understanding switching and EMI performance of SiC power JFETs to design a 75 W high voltage flyback converter , 2013, 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE).

[7]  Wansoo Nah,et al.  Voltage Transfer Characteristics of an Insulation Transformer Up to 1 MHz , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[8]  Nadir Idir,et al.  NIF-Based Frequency-Domain Modeling Method of Three-Wire Shielded Energy Cables for EMC Simulation , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[9]  Vassilios G. Agelidis,et al.  Common Mode Noise Analysis for Cascaded Boost Converter With Silicon Carbide Devices , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[10]  N. Oswald,et al.  An Experimental Investigation of the Tradeoff between Switching Losses and EMI Generation With Hard-Switched All-Si, Si-SiC, and All-SiC Device Combinations , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[11]  I. Stevanovic,et al.  Behavioral Modeling of Chokes for EMI Simulations in Power Electronics , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  Bulent Sarlioglu,et al.  Comparison Between Output CM Chokes for SiC Drive Operating at 20- and 200-kHz Switching Frequencies , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[13]  Francisco Javier Pajares,et al.  A Modal Model of Common-Mode Chokes for Conducted Interference Prediction , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[14]  Bulent Sarlioglu,et al.  Comparative Analysis on Conducted CM EMI Emission of Motor Drives: WBG Versus Si Devices , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[15]  S. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Analytical Wideband Model of a Common-Mode Choke , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[16]  Damir Zarko,et al.  Small-Signal Calculation of Common-Mode Choke Characteristics Using Finite-Element Method , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[17]  Bjorn Gustavsen.  Eliminating Measurement Cable Effects From Transformer Admittance Measurements , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[18]  Gerd Griepentrog,et al.  Non-ideal model of the common mode choke for EMI filters , 2017, 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[19]  T. Nguyen,et al.  An accurate modeling approach to compute noise transfer gain in complex low power plane geometries of power converters , 2017 .

[20]  Gian Luigi Madonna,et al.  High-Frequency Behavioral Multiconductor Cable Modeling for EMI Simulations in Power Electronics , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[21]  Firuz Zare,et al.  Electromagnetic interference issues of power, electronics systems with wide band gap, semiconductor devices , 2015, 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[22]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  3-D Electromagnetic Modeling of EMI Input Filters , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  Tuomas Messo,et al.  An online measurement method for common-mode impedance in three-phase grid-connected converters , 2016, 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[24]  Ruxi Wang,et al.  General Impedance Representation of Passive Devices Based on Measurement , 2018 .

[25]  Nadir Idir,et al.  High-Frequency Behavioral Ring Core Inductor Model , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[26]  Y. Liu,et al.  Modeling of converter transformers using frequency domain terminal impedance measurements , 1993 .

[27]  Wenhua Tan,et al.  A High Frequency Equivalent Circuit and Parameter Extraction Procedure for Common Mode Choke in the EMI Filter , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[28]  Chenchen Xu,et al.  Scattering Parameter-based Measurement of Planar EMI filter , 2014 .

[29]  Shuntaro Inoue,et al.  Novel SPICE model for common mode choke including complex permeability , 2016, 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[30]  Christian Vollaire,et al.  N-Conductor Passive Circuit Modeling for Power Converter Current Prediction and EMI Aspect , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.

[31]  Christian Vollaire,et al.  Modeling of a Buck Converter With a SiC JFET to Predict EMC Conducted Emissions , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.