Plant immune responses triggered by beneficial microbes.

Beneficial soil-borne microorganisms, such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, can improve plant performance by inducing systemic defense responses that confer broad-spectrum resistance to plant pathogens and even insect herbivores. Different beneficial microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are recognized by the plant, which results in a mild, but effective activation of the plant immune responses in systemic tissues. Evidence is accumulating that systemic resistance induced by different beneficials is regulated by similar jasmonate-dependent and ethylene-dependent signaling pathways and is associated with priming for enhanced defense.

[1]  L. Sanchez,et al.  Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus mosseae Trigger DMI3-Dependent Activation of Genes Related to a Signal Transduction Pathway in Roots of Medicago truncatula1 , 2005, Plant Physiology.

[2]  P. Bakker,et al.  Induction of Systemic Resistance Against Bacterial Wilt in Eucalyptus urophylla by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp , 2005, European Journal of Plant Pathology.

[3]  Xinnian Dong,et al.  Systemic acquired resistance. , 2003, Annual review of phytopathology.

[4]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Cross Talk in Defense Signaling1 , 2008, Plant Physiology.

[5]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Costs and benefits of priming for defense in Arabidopsis. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  V. Conn,et al.  Endophytic actinobacteria induce defense pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. , 2008, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[7]  C. Azcón-Aguilar,et al.  Unraveling mycorrhiza-induced resistance. , 2007, Current opinion in plant biology.

[8]  E. Flemetakis,et al.  Induction of resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Arabidopsis thaliana by the biocontrol agent K-165 and pathogenesis-related proteins gene expression. , 2005, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[9]  J. Gershoni,et al.  Identification of an essential component of the elicitation active site of the EIX protein elicitor. , 2002, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[10]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Enhancement of induced disease resistance by simultaneous activation of salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. , 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[11]  L. Madden,et al.  Systemic Modulation of Gene Expression in Tomato by Trichoderma hamatum 382. , 2007, Phytopathology.

[12]  Y. Van de Peer,et al.  The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis , 2008, Nature.

[13]  Martin J. Mueller,et al.  Signal signature and transcriptome changes of Arabidopsis during pathogen and insect attack. , 2005, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[14]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Differential effectiveness of microbially induced resistance against herbivorous insects in Arabidopsis. , 2008, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[15]  Jane Glazebrook,et al.  The transcriptome of rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance in arabidopsis. , 2004, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[16]  M. J. Harrison,et al.  Signaling in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. , 2005, Annual review of microbiology.

[17]  D. Scheel,et al.  Bacterial volatiles induce systemic resistance in Arabidopsis (vol 134, pg 1017, 2004) , 2005 .

[18]  A. Luxen,et al.  Isolation of an N-alkylated benzylamine derivative from Pseudomonas putida BTP1 as elicitor of induced systemic resistance in bean. , 2005, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[19]  V. Gianinazzi-Pearson,et al.  Plant Cell Responses to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Getting to the Roots of the Symbiosis. , 1996, The Plant cell.

[20]  B. M. Gardener,et al.  Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens. , 2002, Annual review of phytopathology.

[21]  J. Barea,et al.  Localized versus systemic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on defence responses to Phytophthora infection in tomato plants. , 2002, Journal of experimental botany.

[22]  C. Pieterse,et al.  A Novel Signaling Pathway Controlling Induced Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis , 1998, Plant Cell.

[23]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Induced Systemic Resistance by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. , 2007, Phytopathology.

[24]  I. Ahn,et al.  Rhizobacteria-induced priming in Arabidopsis is dependent on ethylene, jasmonic acid, and NPR1. , 2007, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[25]  M. Kubota,et al.  Differential inducible defense mechanisms against bacterial speck pathogen in Arabidopsis thaliana by plant-growth-promoting-fungus Penicillium sp. GP16-2 and its cell free filtrate , 2008, Plant and Soil.

[26]  P. Bakker,et al.  Interactions between plants and beneficial Pseudomonas spp.: exploiting bacterial traits for crop protection , 2007, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

[27]  B. Poinssot,et al.  Priming: getting ready for battle. , 2006, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[28]  L. Taconnat,et al.  Simultaneous interaction of Arabidopsis thaliana with Bradyrhizobium Sp. strain ORS278 and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 leads to complex transcriptome changes. , 2008, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[29]  E. Boutet,et al.  Induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to root inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0. , 2003, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[30]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis is not associated with a direct effect on expression of known defense-related genes but stimulates the expression of the jasmonate-inducible gene Atvsp upon challenge , 1999, Plant Molecular Biology.

[31]  M. Höfte,et al.  Induction of systemic resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2: role of salicylic acid, pyochelin, and pyocyanin. , 2002, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[32]  H. Meziane,et al.  Determinants of Pseudomonas putida WCS358 involved in inducing systemic resistance in plants. , 2005, Molecular plant pathology.

[33]  I. Chet,et al.  Involvement of Jasmonic Acid/Ethylene Signaling Pathway in the Systemic Resistance Induced in Cucumber by Trichoderma asperellum T203. , 2005, Phytopathology.

[34]  K. Becker,et al.  The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance, disease resistance, and higher yield. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[35]  H. Nakayashiki,et al.  Microarray analysis of the gene expression profile induced by the endophytic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens FPT9601-T5 in Arabidopsis. , 2005, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[36]  Alexandra M. E. Jones,et al.  The receptor-like kinase SERK3/BAK1 is a central regulator of innate immunity in plants , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[37]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in infected plants. , 2006, Annual review of phytopathology.

[38]  John F. Murphy,et al.  Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria systemically protect Arabidopsis thaliana against Cucumber mosaic virus by a salicylic acid and NPR1-independent and jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathway. , 2004, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[39]  L. Piater,et al.  Innate immunity in plants and animals: striking similarities and obvious differences , 2004, Immunological reviews.

[40]  J. Carlson,et al.  Plant Defense Priming against Herbivores: Getting Ready for a Different Battle1 , 2008, Plant Physiology.

[41]  C. Pieterse,et al.  NPR1: the spider in the web of induced resistance signaling pathways. , 2004, Current opinion in plant biology.

[42]  J. Glazebrook.  Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. , 2005, Annual review of phytopathology.

[43]  M. Heil.  Ecological costs of induced resistance. , 2002, Current opinion in plant biology.

[44]  C. Ryu,et al.  Induced Systemic Resistance and Promotion of Plant Growth by Bacillus spp. , 2004, Phytopathology.

[45]  S. Robatzek,et al.  Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) probe plant immunity. , 2007, Current opinion in plant biology.

[46]  A. Osbourn,et al.  Comparative transcriptomics of rice reveals an ancient pattern of response to microbial colonization , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[47]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Differential induction of systemic resistance in Arabidopsis by biocontrol bacteria. , 1997, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[48]  H. Spaink.  Root nodulation and infection factors produced by rhizobial bacteria. , 2000, Annual review of microbiology.

[49]  C. Pieterse,et al.  Systemic resistance in Arabidopsis induced by rhizobacteria requires ethylene-dependent signaling at the site of application. , 1999, Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI.

[50]  K. Qing.  Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria , 2001 .

[51]  M. Höfte,et al.  Role of the cyclic lipopeptide massetolide A in biological control of Phytophthora infestans and in colonization of tomato plants by Pseudomonas fluorescens. , 2007, The New phytologist.

[52]  Slavica Djonović,et al.  A Proteinaceous Elicitor Sm 1 from the Beneficial Fungus Trichoderma virens Is Required for Induced Systemic Resistance in Maize 1 [ W ] , 2007 .

[53]  Slavica Djonović,et al.  A Proteinaceous Elicitor Sm1 from the Beneficial Fungus Trichoderma virens Is Required for Induced Systemic Resistance in Maize1[W] , 2007, Plant Physiology.

[54]  C. Town,et al.  Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is accompanied by local and systemic alterations in gene expression and an increase in disease resistance in the shoots. , 2007, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[55]  C. Pieterse,et al.  MYB72 Is Required in Early Signaling Steps of Rhizobacteria-Induced Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis[W][OA] , 2008, Plant Physiology.

[56]  L. Eberl,et al.  Induction of systemic resistance in tomato by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-producing rhizosphere bacteria. , 2006, Plant, cell & environment.

[57]  B. Joris,et al.  Surfactin and fengycin lipopeptides of Bacillus subtilis as elicitors of induced systemic resistance in plants. , 2007, Environmental microbiology.

[58]  Gary E. Harman,et al.  Trichoderma species — opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts , 2004, Nature Reviews Microbiology.