Investigations into (cid:2) B -Modulated Regulatory Pathways Governing Extracellular Virulence Determinant Production in Staphylococcus aureus

The commonly used Staphylococcus aureus laboratory strain 8325-4 bears a naturally occurring 11-bp deletion in the (cid:1) B -regulating phosphatase rsbU . We have previously published a report (M. J. Horsburgh, J. L. Aish, I. J. White, L. Shaw, J. K. Lithgow, and S. J. Foster, J. Bacteriol. 184:5457–5467, 2002) on restoring the rsbU deletion, producing a (cid:1) B -functional 8325-4 derivative, SH1000. SH1000 is pleiotropically altered in phenotype from 8325-4, displaying enhanced pigmentation, increased growth yields, and a marked decrease in secreted exoproteins. This reduction in exoprotein secretion appears to result from a sixfold reduction in agr expression. In this study we have undertaken transposon mutagenesis of SH1000 to identify components involved in the modulation of extracellular proteases and (cid:2) is a de- rivative of has had cassette tetracycline To generate a EcoRI/NotI-flanked (containing was into To generate a using was into to

[1]  W. Shafer,et al.  CspA Regulates Pigment Production in Staphylococcus aureus through a SigB-Dependent Mechanism , 2005, Journal of bacteriology.

[2]  M. Bischoff,et al.  Molecular Analysis and Organization of the σB Operon in Staphylococcus aureus , 2005 .

[3]  S. Foster,et al.  Cytoplasmic Control of Premature Activation of a Secreted Protease Zymogen: Deletion of Staphostatin B (SspC) in Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 Yields a Profound Pleiotropic Phenotype , 2005, Journal of bacteriology.

[4]  M. Bischoff,et al.  Role of (cid:2) B in the Expression of Staphylococcus aureus Cell Wall Adhesins ClfA and FnbA and Contribution to Infectivity in a Rat Model of Experimental Endocarditis , 2005 .

[5]  S. Engelmann,et al.  The influence of agr and σB in growth phase dependent regulation of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus , 2004, Proteomics.

[6]  S. Foster,et al.  Sigma Factor B and RsbU Are Required for Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Arthritis and Sepsis , 2004, Infection and Immunity.

[7]  E. Glass,et al.  Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes identified by bursa aurealis mutagenesis and nematode killing. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  Daphne Macapagal,et al.  Microarray-Based Analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus σB Regulon , 2004 .

[9]  K. Schmidt,et al.  Influences of sigmaB and agr on expression of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) in Staphylococcus aureus. , 2004, Canadian journal of microbiology.

[10]  W. Shafer,et al.  The Major Cold Shock Gene, cspA, Is Involved in the Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to an Antimicrobial Peptide of Human Cathepsin G , 2003, Infection and Immunity.

[11]  R. Novick Autoinduction and signal transduction in the regulation of staphylococcal virulence , 2003, Molecular microbiology.

[12]  S. Foster,et al.  σB Modulates Virulence Determinant Expression and Stress Resistance: Characterization of a Functional rsbU Strain Derived from Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 , 2002, Journal of bacteriology.

[13]  Gongyi Zhang,et al.  Global regulation of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus by the SarA protein family. , 2002, Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.

[14]  M. Bischoff,et al.  Influence of a Functional sigB Operon on the Global Regulators sar and agr inStaphylococcus aureus , 2001, Journal of bacteriology.

[15]  T. Foster,et al.  Loss of Clumping Factor B Fibrinogen Binding Activity byStaphylococcus aureus Involves Cessation of Transcription, Shedding and Cleavage by Metalloprotease* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[16]  S. Foster,et al.  Identification and Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Components Expressed by a Model System of Growth in Serum , 2001, Infection and Immunity.

[17]  S. Arvidson,et al.  Decreased Amounts of Cell Wall-Associated Protein A and Fibronectin-Binding Proteins in Staphylococcus aureus sarA Mutants due to Up-Regulation of Extracellular Proteases , 2001, Infection and Immunity.

[18]  S. Foster,et al.  PerR Controls Oxidative Stress Resistance and Iron Storage Proteins and Is Required for Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus , 2001, Infection and Immunity.

[19]  S. Engelmann,et al.  Extracellular proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and the role of SarA and σB , 2001, Proteomics.

[20]  S. Engelmann,et al.  ςB Activity Depends on RsbU inStaphylococcus aureus , 2001, Journal of bacteriology.

[21]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , 2001 .

[22]  S. Arvidson,et al.  Identification and characterization of SarH1, a new global regulator of virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus , 2000, Molecular microbiology.

[23]  P. Nuijten,et al.  Identification of Staphylococcus aureus genes expressed during growth in milk: a useful model for selection of genes important in bovine mastitis? , 2000, Microbiology.

[24]  J. Dankert,et al.  Altered Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus upon Interaction with Human Endothelial Cells , 2000, Infection and Immunity.

[25]  A. Manna,et al.  SarA, a Global Regulator of Virulence Determinants inStaphylococcus aureus, Binds to a Conserved Motif Essential for sar-dependent Gene Regulation* , 1999, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[26]  S. Foster,et al.  Interactive regulatory pathways control virulence determinant production and stability in response to environmental conditions in Staphylococcus aureus , 1999, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[27]  M. Schumacher,et al.  Characterization of the SarA virulence gene regulator of Staphylococcus aureus , 1999, Molecular microbiology.

[28]  A. Conde Staphylococcus aureus infections. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  A. Manna,et al.  SarA level is a determinant of agr activation in Staphylococcus aureus , 1998, Molecular microbiology.

[30]  S. Foster,et al.  Role of SarA in Virulence Determinant Production and Environmental Signal Transduction in Staphylococcus aureus , 1998, Journal of bacteriology.

[31]  S. Foster,et al.  Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus starvation-induced, stationary-phase mutants defective in survival or recovery. , 1998, Microbiology.

[32]  W. Hufnagle,et al.  Staphylococcus aureus genetic loci impacting growth and survival in multiple infection environments , 1998, Molecular microbiology.

[33]  I. Kullik,et al.  Deletion of the Alternative Sigma Factor ςB in Staphylococcus aureus Reveals Its Function as a Global Regulator of Virulence Genes , 1998, Journal of bacteriology.

[34]  S. Foster,et al.  The role of environmental factors in the regulation of virulence-determinant expression in Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4. , 1998, Microbiology.

[35]  R. K. Jayaswal,et al.  Cloning and Nucleotide Sequencing of aStaphylococcus aureus Gene Encoding a Branched-Chain-Amino-Acid Transporter , 1998, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[36]  A. Cheung,et al.  Molecular Interactions between Two Global Regulators,sar and agr, in Staphylococcus aureus * , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[37]  T. K. Misra,et al.  Alternative transcription factor sigmaSB of Staphylococcus aureus: characterization and role in transcription of the global regulatory locus sar , 1997, Journal of bacteriology.

[38]  D. Holden,et al.  Identification of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes in a murine model of bacteraemia using signature‐tagged mutagenesis , 1997, Molecular microbiology.

[39]  A. Tomasz,et al.  Sigma-B, a putative operon encoding alternate sigma factor of Staphylococcus aureus RNA polymerase: molecular cloning and DNA sequencing , 1996, Journal of bacteriology.

[40]  J. Heinrichs,et al.  The molecular architecture of the sar locus in Staphylococcus aureus , 1996, Journal of bacteriology.

[41]  J. Heinrichs,et al.  Characterization of the sar locus and its interaction with agr in Staphylococcus aureus , 1996, Journal of bacteriology.

[42]  C. Price,et al.  Four additional genes in the sigB operon of Bacillus subtilis that control activity of the general stress factor sigma B in response to environmental signals , 1995, Journal of bacteriology.

[43]  A. Cheung,et al.  Regulation of alpha- and beta-hemolysins by the sar locus of Staphylococcus aureus , 1994, Journal of bacteriology.

[44]  J. Kornblum,et al.  Synthesis of staphylococcal virulence factors is controlled by a regulatory RNA molecule. , 1993, The EMBO journal.

[45]  A. Tarkowski,et al.  The accessory gene regulator (agr) controls Staphylococcus aureus virulence in a murine arthritis model , 1993, Infection and immunity.

[46]  V. Fischetti,et al.  Regulation of exoprotein expression in Staphylococcus aureus by a locus (sar) distinct from agr. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[47]  Y. Mizuno,et al.  The primary structure of two molecular species of porcine organ-common type acylphosphatase. , 1991, Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo).

[48]  A. Moir,et al.  Analysis of transcriptional control of the gerD spore germination gene of Bacillus subtilis 168 , 1991, Journal of bacteriology.

[49]  S. M. Thomas,et al.  Similar organization of the sigB and spoIIA operons encoding alternate sigma factors of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase , 1990, Journal of bacteriology.

[50]  S. Arvidson,et al.  The role of the delta‐lysin gene (hld) in the regulation of virulence genes by the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus. , 1990, The EMBO journal.

[51]  Y. Mizuno,et al.  The primary structure of chicken muscle acylphosphatase isozyme Ch2. , 1987, Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo).

[52]  A. Tomasz,et al.  Conversion of a homogeneously methicillin-resistant strain ofStaphylococcus aureus to heterogeneous resistance by Tn551-mediated insertional inactivation , 1986, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

[53]  F. Young,et al.  New shuttle vectors for Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli which allow rapid detection of inserted fragments. , 1984, Gene.

[54]  M. O'Reilly,et al.  The toxic shock syndrome exotoxin structural gene is not detectably transmitted by a prophage , 1983, Nature.

[55]  S. Arvidson,et al.  MUTANTS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AFFECTED IN THE REGULATION OF EXOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS , 1980 .

[56]  S. Foster,et al.  The role and regulation of the extracellular proteases of Staphylococcus aureus. , 2004, Microbiology.

[57]  M. O'Reilly,et al.  Regulation of exoprotein gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus by agr , 2004, Molecular and General Genetics MGG.

[58]  M. Bischoff,et al.  Microarray-based analysis of the Staphylococcus aureus sigmaB regulon. , 2004, Journal of bacteriology.

[59]  J. Aish Environmental regulation of virulence determinant expression in Staphylococcus aureus , 2003 .

[60]  S. Arvidson,et al.  Regulation of virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus. , 2001, International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM.

[61]  J Hacker,et al.  Regulation of sigmaB-dependent transcription of sigB and asp23 in two different Staphylococcus aureus strains. , 1999, Molecular & general genetics : MGG.

[62]  S. Schenk,et al.  Improved method for electroporation of Staphylococcus aureus. , 1992, FEMS microbiology letters.