Carotid‐ intima media thickness is independently associated with cognitive decline. The INVADE study

Increased carotid intima‐media thickness (C‐IMT) is a non‐invasive marker of atherosclerosis and predicts vascular events. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests an association between carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive decline. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between C‐IMT and the development of cognitive impairment in a large population‐based sample.

[1]  J. Allenberg,et al.  High prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and co-morbidity in 6880 primary care patients: cross-sectional study. , 2004, Atherosclerosis.

[2]  Arno W. Hoes,et al.  Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. , 1997, Circulation.

[3]  B. Conrad,et al.  Relationship Between Circadian Blood Pressure Patterns and Progression of Early Carotid Atherosclerosis: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study , 2000, Circulation.

[4]  A. Hofman,et al.  Atherosclerosis and risk for dementia , 2007, Annals of neurology.

[5]  P M Rautaharju,et al.  Arterial wall thickness is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. , 1995, Stroke.

[6]  R. Paul,et al.  Carotid artery intima-media thickness and cognition in cardiovascular disease. , 2007, International journal of cardiology.

[7]  P. Pasqualetti,et al.  What is the relationship among atherosclerosis markers, apolipoprotein E polymorphism and dementia? , 2007, European journal of neurology.

[8]  R. Alexandrowicz,et al.  The criterion validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale: a systematic review , 2006, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[9]  Yoshihiko Saito,et al.  Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Associated with Brain Atrophy in Japanese Elders , 2006, Gerontology.

[10]  M. Roth,et al.  The Association Between Quantitative Measures of Dementia and of Senile Change in the Cerebral Grey Matter of Elderly Subjects , 1968, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[11]  R. Katzman.,et al.  Validation of a short Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test of cognitive impairment. , 1983, The American journal of psychiatry.

[12]  E. Vicaut,et al.  Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus (2004–2006) , 2006, Cerebrovascular Diseases.

[13]  B. Conrad,et al.  Combined effects of hemoglobin A1c and C-reactive protein on the progression of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: the INVADE study. , 2006, Stroke.

[14]  W. Burke,et al.  The Short Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale: A Comparison With the 30-Item Form , 1991, Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology.

[15]  M. Kivipelto,et al.  Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Cognitive Function in Elderly Women: A Population-Based Study , 2007, Neuroepidemiology.

[16]  Gerardo Heiss,et al.  Carotid Artery Intimal‐Medial Thickness Distribution in General Populations As Evaluated by B‐Mode Ultrasound , 1993, Stroke.

[17]  P. Talelli,et al.  Common carotid artery intima media thickness and post-stroke cognitive impairment , 2004, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[18]  J. C. Torre Is Alzheimer's disease a neurodegenerative or a vascular disorder? Data, dogma, and dialectics , 2004, The Lancet Neurology.

[19]  R. Bullock,et al.  Validation of a 6 item cognitive impairment test with a view to primary care usage , 1999, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[20]  Matthias W. Lorenz,et al.  Prediction of Clinical Cardiovascular Events With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2007, Circulation.

[21]  B. Friedman,et al.  Psychometric Properties of the 15‐Item Geriatric Depression Scale in Functionally Impaired, Cognitively Intact, Community‐Dwelling Elderly Primary Care Patients , 2005, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[22]  V. Leirer,et al.  Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. , 1982, Journal of psychiatric research.

[23]  O. Joakimsen,et al.  Neuropsychological Test Performance in Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis , 2003 .