Photocatalytic oxidation of grey water over titanium dioxide suspensions

Grey water reuse is an attractive alternative to the sustainable management of water especially under water scarcity situations. In this work, photocatalysis over titanium dioxide particles has been applied as a novel alternative to already studied treatments of grey waters such as filtration, biological processes, disinfection and/or coagulation technologies. Grey waters coming from two different sources, a hotel and a household have been employed in this study. The treatment efficiency has been followed through the evolution of the organic matter content expressed as dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Best results were obtained in the treatment of hotel grey waters with 65% DOC removal after 150 min. Anionic surfactants, that are usually present in grey waters coming mainly from personal care products and laundry detergents, were completely removed from hotel grey waters and from household low strength grey waters. Therefore after the applied treatment grey water could be further reused in some of the studied cases.

[1]  Jincai Zhao,et al.  Photodegradation of surfactants: Part vi complete photocatalytic degradation of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants in aqueous semiconductor dispersions , 1990 .

[2]  A. Domsch Biodegradability of amphoteric surfactants , 1995 .

[3]  Chiing-Chang Chen,et al.  Titanium dioxide-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of terbufos: parameter study and reaction pathways. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[4]  D. Karsa,et al.  Biodegradability of surfactants , 1995 .

[5]  Bruce Jefferson,et al.  Chlorine disinfection of grey water for reuse: effect of organics and particles. , 2008, Water research.

[6]  Karina Pipaluk Solvejg Auffarth,et al.  Characteristics of grey wastewater , 2002 .

[7]  M. Pidou,et al.  A study of the microbial quality of grey water and an evaluation of treatment technologies for reuse , 2008 .

[8]  M. Ray,et al.  Degradation of paracetamol in aqueous solutions by TiO2 photocatalysis. , 2008, Water research.

[9]  Michal Green,et al.  Low strength graywater characterization and treatment by direct membrane filtration , 2004 .

[10]  A Gross,et al.  Recycled vertical flow constructed wetland (RVFCW)--a novel method of recycling greywater for irrigation in small communities and households. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[11]  A. E. Greenberg,et al.  Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater : supplement to the sixteenth edition , 1988 .

[12]  K. Zoh,et al.  Kinetics and mechanism of photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis of triclosan. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.

[13]  A. Puig Infante,et al.  Marco normativo sobre reutilización de las aguas: el Real decreto 1620/2007, de 7 de diciembre, por el que se establece el régimen jurídico de la reutilización de las aguas depuradas , 2010 .

[14]  J. Ryoo,et al.  Simultaneous analysis of anionic, amphoteric, nonionic and cationic surfactant mixtures in shampoo and hair conditioner by RP-HPLC/ELSD and LC/MS. , 2008, Analytica chimica acta.

[15]  O. Alfano,et al.  Mass transfer limitations in photocatalytic reactors employing titanium dioxide suspensions: II. External and internal particle constrains for the reaction , 2008 .

[16]  Qiang Chen,et al.  A new kinetic model of photocatalytic degradation of formic acid in UV/TiO2 suspension system with in-situ monitoring , 2008 .

[17]  M. Nanny,et al.  Photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous ammonia in model gray waters. , 2008, Water research.

[18]  Simon Judd,et al.  Technologies for domestic wastewater recycling , 2000 .

[19]  N. Kalogerakis,et al.  Disinfection of water and wastewater by TiO2 photocatalysis, sonolysis and UV-C irradiation , 2007 .

[20]  Bouchaib El Hamouri,et al.  Membrane bioreactor technology for the treatment of greywater from a sports and leisure club , 2007 .

[21]  Xinle Zhu,et al.  Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide pyridaben on TiO2 particles , 2005 .

[22]  Yeong-Kwan Kim,et al.  Reuse of greywater and rainwater using fiber filter media and metal membrane , 2007 .

[23]  Abdul Halim Abdullah,et al.  Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide : A review of fundamentals, progress and problems , 2008 .

[24]  F. Winquist,et al.  Determination of detergents in washing machine wastewater with a voltammetric electronic tongue. , 2008, Talanta.

[25]  R. Juang,et al.  Influence of operating parameters on photocatalytic degradation of phenol in UV/TiO2 process , 2008 .