A REVIEW OF THE USE OF SPACED PILES TO STABILISE EMBANKMENT AND CUTTING SLOPES

The currently available literature relevant to the use of spaced piles to stabilise embankment and cutting slopes is reviewed. The report focuses on instrumented case history studies, analogies with other construction forms where soil flow and arching occurs, and summarises the current design methods available when using this technique. The use of a single row of piles is likely to be an effective construction technique for the permanent reinstatement and repair of both unstable and failed slopes. On the highway network, many slopes which are prone to shallow failures are now reaching a critical age for deep seated failure to occur. In addition, prolonged delays in dealing with shallow failures may lead to the formation of deeper slip. Determination of pile diameter, spacing, penetration depth and optimum location on the slope is however a complex soil-structure interaction problem on which there is currently little design guidance. This review seeks to give designers some guidance on the various issues involved. (A)

[1]  T Collotta,et al.  A DESIGN METHOD FOR RETICULATED MICROPILE STRUCTURES IN SLIDING SLOPES , 1989 .

[2]  K. Terzaghi.  Theoretical Soil Mechanics , 1943 .

[3]  M Singleton.  GEOTECHNICAL APPROACH TO EMBANKMENT MAINTENANCE , 1996 .

[4]  P Darley,et al.  SOIL NAILING FOR SLOPES , 2002 .

[5]  D. Potts,et al.  Finite element analysis of progressive failure: Two case studies , 1988 .

[6]  Harry G. Poulos,et al.  Piles Subjected to Lateral Soil Movements , 1997 .

[7]  C J Padfield,et al.  DESIGN OF RETAINING WALLS EMBEDDED IN STIFF CLAY , 1984 .

[8]  Sarah M. Springman,et al.  Lateral loading on piles due to simulated embankment construction , 1989 .

[9]  M Bustamante,et al.  THE BEARING CAPACITY OF PILES , 1975 .

[10]  E C Hambly.  Bridge foundations and substructures , 1979 .

[11]  M E Randolph,et al.  CENTRIFUGE STUDY OF SPILL-THROUGH ABUTMENTS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, SAN FRANCISCO, 12-16 AUGUST 1985 , 1985 .

[12]  Harry G. Poulos,et al.  ANALYSIS OF PILES IN SOIL UNDERGOING LATERAL MOVEMENT , 1973 .

[13]  K. Terzaghi.  STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN DRY AND IN SATURATED SAND ABOVE A YIELDING TRAP-DOOR , 1936 .

[14]  D. Potts,et al.  DELAYED COLLAPSE OF CUT SLOPES IN STIFF CLAY , 1997 .

[15]  A Marston,et al.  THE THEORY OF EXTERNAL LOADS ON CLOSED CONDUITS IN THE LIGHT OF THE LATEST EXPERIMENTS , 1930 .

[16]  Roy H. Borden,et al.  Lateral analysis of piers constructed on slopes , 1990 .

[17]  M E Popescu.  LANDSLIDE CONTROL BY MEANS OF A ROW OF PILES , 1991 .

[18]  W. D. Liam Finn.  Boundary Values Problems of Soil Mechanics , 1963 .

[19]  J Perry.  A SURVEY OF SLOPE CONDITION ON MOTORWAY EARTHWORKS IN ENGLAND AND WALES , 1989 .

[20]  C V Chelapati.  ARCHING IN SOIL DUE TO THE DEFLECTION OF A RIGID HORIZONTAL STRIP , 1964 .

[21]  Stephen G. Wright,et al.  Lateral Soil Resistance Displacement Relationships for Pile Fundation in Soft clays , 1973 .

[22]  Harry G. Poulos,et al.  Design of reinforcing piles to increase slope stability , 1995 .

[23]  D. Carder,et al.  Review of Lime Piles and Lime-stabilised Soil Columns , 1997 .

[24]  Mark Randolph,et al.  Author's Reply to Discussion on "Design of piled bridge abutments on soft clay for loading from lateral soil movements" , 1994 .

[25]  H G Poulos,et al.  A method for predicting the effect of piles on slope behaviour , 1979 .

[26]  N. Morgenstern,et al.  The analysis of the stability of general slip surfaces , 1965 .

[27]  Malcolm D. Bolton,et al.  THE EFFECT OF SURCHARGE LOADING ADJACENT TO PILES , 1990 .

[28]  Wen L. Wang,et al.  SOIL ARCHING IN SLOPES , 1974 .