Kertas kerja ini membentangkan keputusan kajian perbandingan amalan kualiti antara syarikat Jepun dengan bukan Jepun di Malaysia. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk menyelidik perbezaan yang mungkin wujud antara kedua-dua jenis syarikat dalam melaksanakan pengurusan kualiti. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, satu soal selidik telah dibangunkan, disahkan dan dihantar kepada 370 syarikat dalam sektor industri elektrik dan elektronik, dan kadar respon ialah 21.9 peratus. Keputusan kajian menunjuk bahawa syarikat Jepun memiliki tahap amalan kualiti lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan syarikat bukan Jepun. Lima amalan kualiti yang tertinggi dengan perbezaan besar berbanding syarikat bukan Jepun ialah; kumpulan meningkat kualiti (KMK), penambahbaikan pembekal, pengunaan Analisis Mod Kegagalan dan Kesan (FMEA), pelaksanaan Kejuruteraan Nilai (VE) dan pelaksanaan pengekosan kualiti. Amalan ISO 9001 didapati tertinggi nilai kegunaan dalam semua syarikat yang dikaji. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa pemeriksaan dalam proses, aktiviti 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke), audit kualiti dalaman dan pelaksanaan perancangan dan kawalan pengeluaran pada tahap tinggi dalam semua syarikat. Hasil penyelidikan ini mengarah kepada perlunya penekanan yang lebih dalam amalan kualiti terkurang oleh syarikat bukan Jepun dalam usaha peningkatan kualiti masa depan.
Kata kunci: Amalan kualiti, Jepun, bukan Jepun, elektrik dan elektronik
This paper presents the results of a study on the comparison of quality practices between Japanese and non–Japanese companies in Malaysia. The main objective is to investigate the differences that may exist between them in implementing quality management. Towards that end, a questionnaire was developed, validated and sent out to 370 companies in the electrical and electronics sector and the survey gave a response rate of 21.9 per cent. The results show that Japanese companies have higher levels of quality activities when compared to non–Japanese companies. The top five quality activities with big gap against non–Japanese companies are; quality control circle, supplier improvement, application of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), conducting Value Engineering (VE) and implementing quality costing. ISO 9001 was found to be the most useful practice in all the companies surveyed. The results also showed that in–process inspection, 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke) activities, internal quality audit and conducting production planning and control have high practice level in all companies. The findings of this research points to the need for much greater emphasis on quality practices found lacking by non–Japanese companies in their future quality improvement efforts.
Key words: Quality practices, Japanese, non–Japanese, electrical and electronics
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