Preparation and bioactivity of biodegradable β-tricalcium phosphate / calcium carbonate / phosphate bioactive glass composite porous ceramic

Background: At present, scaffold biomaterials with great biodegradation and biocompatibility are attracting more and more attention. Phosphate bioactive glass (PBG) without Si has been prepared successfully, with a glass transition temperature below 600°C. Calcium carbonate (CC)-based bioceramics with PBG as binder were sintered rapidly at a lower temperature. β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has always been used to synthesize clinical ceramics due to its wonderful biocompatibility. Here, we combined the advantages of these raw materials to obtain a novel β-TCP/CC/PBG composite porous ceramic. Method: The preparation process of β-TCP/CC/PBG was optimized by controlling PBG content, NaCl ratio, sintering temperature, and holding time. Ceramic biodegradability was evaluated by soaking in a Tris-HCl buffer in vitro, and biocompatibility of the new material was indicated using CCK-8 tests and a live/dead fluorescence assay. Results: The best mechanical properties of β-TCP/CC/PBG composite porous ceramics were obtained with a PBG content of 60%, at which point the proportion of NaCl exerted the most significant influence on the density, porosity, and mechanical properties of the materials. The weight loss rate of the composite ceramics was 11.30%, which was much higher than that of β-TCP (1.41%) and hydroxyapatite (0.83%) ceramics. CCK-8 test and live/dead fluorescence assay indicated that the composite porous ceramics showed a biocompatibility similar to that of β-TCP ceramics. Conclusion: β-TCP/CC/PBG composite porous ceramics have potential applications in bone regeneration. It is hoped that the novel biomaterial developed in this study will prove useful for the repair of bone defects.

[1]  Jiang Chang,et al.  Assessment of calcium sulfate hemihydrate-Tricalcium silicate composite for bone healing in a rabbit femoral condyle model. , 2018, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[2]  B. X. Vuong.  Synthesis and characterization of HA/β-TCP bioceramic powder: Synthesis and characterization of HA/β-TCP bioceramic powder , 2018 .

[3]  J. Chevalier,et al.  Editorial on Bioceramics for Bone Repair , 2018 .

[4]  Shuping Peng,et al.  Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells , 2017, Bone Research.

[5]  V. S. Bessmertnyi,et al.  Control of the Structure of Porous Glass-Ceramic Material , 2017, Glass and Ceramics.

[6]  M. Lombardi,et al.  Ceramic Material Porous Structure Prepared Using Pore-Forming Additives , 2017, Refractories and Industrial Ceramics.

[7]  K. Du,et al.  In vitro degradation study of polyanhydride copolymers / surface grafted hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue application , 2017 .

[8]  Wenqian Xiao,et al.  Preparation of bioactive β-tricalcium phosphate microspheres as bone graft substitute materials. , 2017, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[9]  N. Dunne,et al.  Biocompatibility of calcium phosphate bone cement with optimised mechanical properties: an in vivo study , 2016, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine.

[10]  Zhi Yang,et al.  Fabrication, characterization and cellular biocompatibility of porous biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with different pore sizes , 2016 .

[11]  C. Shuai,et al.  Improvement in degradability of 58s glass scaffolds by ZnO and β-TCP modification , 2016, Bioengineered.

[12]  Shanghua Wu,et al.  Comparative study on in vivo response of porous calcium carbonate composite ceramic and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic. , 2016, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[13]  Manabu Takahashi,et al.  An Experimental Study on Measurement Methods of Bulk Density and Porosity of Rock Samples , 2015 .

[14]  Jixiang Zhu,et al.  In vitro degradation and cell response of calcium carbonate composite ceramic in comparison with other synthetic bone substitute materials. , 2015, Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.

[15]  Jixiang Zhu,et al.  Fabrication of a Novel Calcium Carbonate Composite Ceramic as Bone Substitute , 2015 .

[16]  K. Mao,et al.  Enhanced Degradation and Osteogenesis of β -Tricalcium Phosphate/Calcium Sulfate Composite Bioceramics: The Effects of Phase Ratio , 2014 .

[17]  L. Meseguer-Olmo,et al.  Bioeutectic® Ceramics for Biomedical Application Obtained by Laser Floating Zone Method. In vivo Evaluation , 2014, Materials.

[18]  E. Cooper,et al.  Corals and Their Potential Applications to Integrative Medicine , 2014, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM.

[19]  A. Makhaniok,et al.  In silico prediction of the cell proliferation in porous scaffold using model of effective pore , 2013, Biosyst..

[20]  T. Szponder,et al.  Use of Calcium Sulfate as a Biomaterial in the Treatment of Bone Fractures in Rabbits – Preliminary Studies , 2013 .

[21]  Qiguang Wang,et al.  THE EFFECT OF POROSITY ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATE BIOCERAMICS , 2011 .

[22]  Q. Fu,et al.  Silicate, borosilicate, and borate bioactive glass scaffolds with controllable degradation rate for bone tissue engineering applications. I. Preparation and in vitro degradation. , 2010, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[23]  M. Saito,et al.  Bone formation and resorption in patients after implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate blocks with 60% and 75% porosity in opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[24]  André R. Studart,et al.  Processing Routes to Macroporous Ceramics: A Review , 2006 .

[25]  Suresh Valiyaveettil,et al.  Developing macroporous bicontinuous materials as scaffolds for tissue engineering. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[26]  G. Guillemin,et al.  The use of coral as a bone graft substitute. , 1987, Journal of biomedical materials research.