Statistical optimization of the extraction of citric acid from the solid fermented substrate of empty fruit bunches

Optimization of the process parameters for the extraction of a product from a solid substrate after bioconversion is essentially important to maximize the yield. The extraction of citric acid from the solid substrate of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) after bioconversion was initially optimized by following single factor variation. Following this, the extraction parameters were optimized statistically with the help of experimental design by Box‐Behnken Design under Response Surface Methodology through the development of a second order regression model. The statistical analysis of the result showed that in the range studied all three factors, that is, shaking speed, solvent ratio, and shaking time, had a significant influence on the citric acid extraction. The highest amount of citric acid extracted was 337.34 ± 1.1 g/kg‐dry EFB, for which the extraction parameters were a shaking speed of 125 rpm, a shaking time of 58.5 minutes, and a solvent ratio of 10.70. The coefficient of determination observed (R2) from the analysis was .9921, indicating a satisfactory fit of the model with the response. The analysis showed that all the terms of the model were highly significant with the P‐value <.05.

[1]  Junqi Wang,et al.  Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of citric acid production through different recovery methods , 2020, Journal of Cleaner Production.

[2]  F. Beolchini,et al.  Citric acid bioproduction: the technological innovation change , 2020, Critical reviews in biotechnology.

[3]  W. Rivera,et al.  Influences of carbohydrate, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources on the citric acid production by fungal endophyte Aspergillus fumigatus P3I6 , 2019, Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology.

[4]  Xiangming Qi,et al.  New type of green extractant for oil production: Citric acid/citric acid sodium extraction system. , 2019, Food chemistry.

[5]  Mariel Monrroy,et al.  Fermentation of Musa paradisiaca Peels to Produce Citric Acid , 2019, Journal of Chemistry.

[6]  M. Mirghani,et al.  Production of citric acid from sugarcane molasses by Aspergillus niger using submerged fermentation , 2019 .

[7]  P. Sekoai,et al.  Production of Citric Acid from the Fermentation of Pineapple Waste by Aspergillus niger , 2019, The Open Chemical Engineering Journal.

[8]  W. Fathy,et al.  Application of the produced microbial citric acid as a leachate for uranium from El-Sebaiya phosphate rock , 2019, Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences.

[9]  D. Chetan.  Comparison of citric acid production from Aspergillus niger in solid and suspension state fermentation , 2018 .

[10]  M. Abdel-Rahman,et al.  High-Temperature Citric Acid Production from Sugar Cane Molasses using A Newly Isolated Thermotolerant Yeast Strain, Candida parapsilosis NH-3 , 2018, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES.

[11]  N. Thakre.  Reactive Extraction of Citric Acid Using Different Extractants: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Modeling , 2018 .

[12]  A. Bankar,et al.  FUNGAL CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING WASTE MATERIALS: A MINI-REVIEW , 2018, Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences.

[13]  J. C. Balarini,et al.  Solvent Extraction of Citric Acid with Different Organic Phases , 2017 .

[14]  A. Farahnaky,et al.  Investigating the Effects of Large-Scale Processing on Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Juice , 2017 .

[15]  Rosaria Ciriminna,et al.  Citric acid: emerging applications of key biotechnology industrial product , 2017, Chemistry Central Journal.

[16]  Huixia Lu,et al.  Recovery of citric acid from fermented liquid by bipolar membrane electrodialysis , 2017 .

[17]  N. Rastogi,et al.  Extraction of Citric Acid from Fruit Juices using Supported Liquid Membrane , 2017 .

[18]  M. Djas,et al.  Reactive extraction of citric acid using supercritical carbon dioxide , 2016 .

[19]  A. Panwar,et al.  Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger using different substrates , 2016 .

[20]  Awanish Kumar,et al.  Modeling and Optimization of Reactive Extraction of Citric Acid , 2016 .

[21]  Z. N. Garba,et al.  Optimization of adsorption conditions using central composite design for the removal of copper (II) and lead (II) by defatted papaya seed , 2016 .

[22]  T. Sivakumar,et al.  Optimization of Citric Acid Production Using Aspergillus niger Isolated from the Leaf Litter Soil of Sathuragiri Hills , 2016 .

[23]  S. Gharanjik,et al.  Optimization of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger , 2015 .

[24]  Xiongmin Liu,et al.  Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Reserpine Adsorption onto Strong Acidic Cationic Exchange Fiber , 2015, PLoS ONE.

[25]  P. Show,et al.  Overview of citric acid production from Aspergillus niger , 2015 .

[26]  Yaobin Lu,et al.  Citric acid production using a biological electrodialysis with bipolar membrane , 2014 .

[27]  Masoud Yadegary,et al.  Citric Acid Production From Sugarcane Bagasse through Solid State Fermentation Method Using Aspergillus niger Mold and Optimization of Citric Acid Production by Taguchi Method , 2013 .

[28]  Yongxing Chen,et al.  Study on Solvent Extraction of Citric Acid from Fermentation Broth , 2013 .

[29]  P. Ghosh.  Comprehensive Review on Citric Acid Fermentation , 2013 .

[30]  A. Gomashe,et al.  Production and Optimization of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger using Fruit Pulp Waste , 2013 .

[31]  Satinder Kaur Brar,et al.  Bioproduction and extraction optimization of citric acid from Aspergillus niger by rotating drum type solid-state bioreactor. , 2013 .

[32]  M. Coelho,et al.  Production of Citric Acid by Yarrowia Lipolytica in Different Crude Glycerol Concentrations and in Different Nitrogen Sources , 2012 .

[33]  Tien Vinh Nguyen,et al.  Removal of Copper from Water by Adsorption onto Banana Peel as Bioadsorbent , 2012 .

[34]  R. Tyagi,et al.  Recent Advances in Citric Acid Bio-production and Recovery , 2011 .

[35]  Md. Niamul Bari,et al.  Effect of particle size on production of citric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches as new substrate by wild Aspergillus niger. , 2010 .

[36]  Z. Alam,et al.  Statistical optimization of process parameters for the production of citric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches. , 2010 .

[37]  Muhammad Nadeem,et al.  Enhanced Production of Citric Acid by Aspergillus niger M-101 Using Lower Alcohols (Aspergillus niger M-101 Tarafindan Üretilen Sitrik Asit Miktari Düşük Molekül Ağirlikli Alkoller Kullanildiğinda Artmaktadir) , 2010 .

[38]  Parveen Jamal,et al.  Improvement of production of citric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches: optimization of media by statistical experimental designs. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[39]  M. Alam,et al.  Bioconversion of palm oil mill effluent for citric acid production: statistical optimization of fermentation media and time by central composite design , 2008 .

[40]  Sarat Babu Imandi,et al.  Application of statistical experimental designs for the optimization of medium constituents for the production of citric acid from pineapple waste. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[41]  Li‐na Sun,et al.  Adsorption characteristics of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium ions by tourmaline. , 2006, Journal of environmental sciences.

[42]  Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski,et al.  Citric acid production by solid-state fermentation on a semi-pilot scale using different percentages of treated cassava bagasse , 2005 .

[43]  M. S. Tanyıldızı,et al.  Optimization of α-amylase production by Bacillus sp. using response surface methodology , 2005 .

[44]  Ashok K. Srivastava,et al.  Utilisation of fruits waste for citric acid production by solid state fermentation , 2003 .

[45]  Poonam Singh Nee Nigam,et al.  A response surface approach for the comparison of lipase production by Candida cylindracea using two different carbon sources , 2001 .

[46]  C. Soccol,et al.  Solid-state fermentation for the synthesis of citric acid by Aspergillus niger , 2000 .

[47]  T. Roukas.  Citric acid production from carob pod by solid-state fermentation , 1999 .

[48]  M. Murado,et al.  Optimization of nutrient concentration for citric acid production by solid-state culture of Aspergillus niger on polyurethane foams , 1998 .

[49]  D. Mitchell,et al.  Selection of a strain of Aspergillus for the production of citric acid from pineapple waste in solid-state fermentation , 1998 .