Akkommodation und Presbyopie

ZusammenfassungBei der chirurgischen Presbyopiekorrektur werden 2 therapeutische Basisansätze unterschieden, die Vergrößerung der Schärfentiefe (z. B durch multifokalen Laserabtrag der Kornea) und die Wiederherstellung von Akkommodation im Sinne einer dynamischen Refraktionsänderung des Auges (akkommodative Intraokularlinsen, Skleraexpansion). Mit pseudoakkommodativen Verfahren lässt sich eine befriedigende Nahsehschärfe erreichen, jedoch müssen störende optische Phänomene und Schwächen im Intermediärbereich in Kauf genommen werden. Die Wiederherstellung der Akkommodation bereitet noch Probleme, u. a. auch, weil der Mechanismus der Akkommodation und die Entwicklung der Presbyopie noch nicht vollständig geklärt sind. Einige klinisch angewendete operative Verfahren beruhen auf Konzepten, deren Gültigkeit nicht nachgewiesen ist oder die experimentellen Ergebnissen widersprechen. Daher müssen die Resultate und Wirkmechanismen kritisch und objektiv überprüft werden.AbstractThere are two basic approaches for the surgical correction of presbyopia: increasing depth of focus (e.g. by means of multifocal laser abrasion of the cornea), Or restoring accommodation in the sense of a dynamic change in ocular refraction (accommodative intraocular lenses, scleral expansion). Pseudoaccommodative procedures are able to achieve satisfactory near vision, albeit at the price of lower performance in the intermediate range and decreased image quality. The restoration of accommodation remains problematic, partly because the mechanism of accommodation and the development of presbyopia are still not fully understood. Some surgical procedures are based on concepts, the validity of which is not confirmed or which even contradict experimental evidence. Thus, it is necessary to assess the results and presumed mechanisms critically and objectively.

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