Does Opening Strategy in Organizations lead to Effectiveness and Success?

Despite recent attention in information systems and strategy research considering inclusiveness, transparency, and use of IT tools in strategy formulation (also known as open strategy), the effectiveness of these principles has not been empirically studied in the literature. This research gap is even more prominent when we consider distinct positives and drawbacks of an open strategy approach when synthesising extant literature. This research in progress outlines a macro-level approach to further exploring this highlighted gap in our understanding. Here, research constructs are described and logically positioned within the literature and then, using existing studies from various fields, a number of items to measure each construct are presented. These items are proposed to consider various aspects of open strategy principles (i.e. internal and external, inclusive and transparent). Further, and based on the available literature on openness in strategy, we identify several points to facilitate measuring the open strategy phenomenon. The paper also briefly presents initial findings and an agenda for future steps in relation to data collection and analysis as this research-in-progress moves forward. The paper concludes by remarking intended contributions and potential implications of the study for both practice and research.

[1]  Katja Hutter,et al.  Open Strategy – A New Strategy Paradigm? , 2014 .

[2]  Linda Englyst,et al.  Assessment of strategy formulation: how to ensure quality in process and outcome , 2006 .

[3]  Yannis Charalabidis,et al.  Benefits, Adoption Barriers and Myths of Open Data and Open Government , 2012, Inf. Syst. Manag..

[4]  Alireza Amrollahi,et al.  Collaborative open strategic planning: a method and case study , 2017, Inf. Technol. People.

[5]  N. Vohra,et al.  Measuring the effectiveness of strategic planning: proposing a second order operationalization , 2016 .

[6]  Laura Dobusch,et al.  Closing for the Benefit of Openness? The case of Wikimedia’s open strategy process , 2019 .

[7]  Thomas W. Guenther,et al.  Exploring strategic planning outcomes: the influential role of top versus middle management participation , 2016 .

[8]  R. Whittington,et al.  Open Strategy: Dimensions, Dilemmas, Dynamics , 2017 .

[9]  William R. King,et al.  Strategic Planning for Management Information Systems , 1978, MIS Q..

[10]  Vasudevan Ramanujam,et al.  Multi-Objective Assessment of Effectiveness of Strategic Planning: A Discriminant Analysis Approach , 1986 .

[11]  Scott B. MacKenzie,et al.  Construct Measurement and Validation Procedures in MIS and Behavioral Research: Integrating New and Existing Techniques , 2011, MIS Q..

[12]  Wynne W. Chin The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. , 1998 .

[13]  R. Whittington,et al.  Opening Strategy: Evolution of a Precarious Profession , 2011 .

[14]  Katja Hutter,et al.  Falling Short with Participation — Different Effects of Ideation, Commenting, and Evaluating Behavior on Open Strategizing , 2017 .

[15]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  “Openness” with and without Information Technology: a framework and a brief history , 2017, J. Inf. Technol..

[16]  Daniel Schlagwein,et al.  How and why organisations use social media: five use types and their relation to absorptive capacity , 2017, J. Inf. Technol..

[17]  Joseph F. Hair,et al.  Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research , 2014 .

[18]  Jakob Kapeller,et al.  Open Strategy between Crowd and Community: Lessons from Wikimedia and Creative Commons , 2013 .

[19]  Alireza Amrollahi,et al.  Open Strategy Intermediaries? A Framework for Understanding the Role of Facilitators in Open Strategy-Making , 2018, ECIS.

[20]  Nils Urbach,et al.  Structural Equation Modeling in Information Systems Research Using Partial Least Squares , 2010 .

[21]  Alireza Amrollahi,et al.  OSPM : A Design Methodology for Open Strategic Planning 1 , 2018 .

[22]  A. Langley,et al.  Relating microprocesses to macro‐outcomes in qualitative strategy process and practice research , 2018 .

[23]  L. Grassini,et al.  Evaluating strategic metropolitan planning in Bari and Taranto , 2018, European Planning Studies.

[24]  Brian K. Boyd,et al.  STRATEGIC PLANNING AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: A META‐ANALYTIC REVIEW* , 1991 .

[25]  Susan L. Kendall,et al.  Collaborative Strategic Planning , 2008 .

[26]  B. A. Nketia The Influence of Open Strategizing on Organizational Members’ Commitment to Strategy , 2016 .

[27]  C. Chou,et al.  The impact of open innovation on firm performance: The moderating effects of internal R&D and environmental turbulence , 2013 .

[28]  Brian A. Nosek,et al.  Promoting an open research culture , 2015, Science.

[29]  Robert D. Galliers,et al.  Open Strategy and Information Technology , 2019, Cambridge Handbook of Open Strategy.

[30]  Julian Birkinshaw,et al.  Reflections on open strategy , 2017 .

[31]  R. Nichol Get middle managers involved in the planning process. , 1992, Journal of Business Strategy.

[32]  Björn Remneland‐Wikhamn,et al.  Open Innovation Climate Measure: The Introduction of a Validated Scale , 2011 .

[33]  Noel Capon,et al.  STRATEGIC PLANNING AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: MORE EVIDENCE* , 1994 .

[34]  Paul Verdin,et al.  Can co-creation lead to better strategy? An exploratory research , 2014 .

[35]  Alex Wilson,et al.  Open Strategy Initiatives: Open, IT-Enabled Episodes of Strategic Practice , 2016, PACIS.

[36]  Andrew Breck,et al.  Integrating Balanced Scorecard Performance Management with Crowdsourced Strategic Planning , 2015 .

[37]  Patrick Stacey,et al.  Building and Maintaining Strategic Agility: An Agenda and Framework for Executive IT leaders , 2018, California Management Review.

[38]  M. Luedicke,et al.  Radically Open Strategizing: How the Premium Cola Collective Takes Open Strategy to the Extreme , 2017 .

[39]  Phillip G. Clampitt,et al.  A strategy for communicating about uncertainty , 2000 .

[40]  G. Whiteman,et al.  Radical Innovation for Sustainability: The Power of Strategy and Open Innovation , 2016 .

[41]  Alireza Amrollahi,et al.  How open has the practice of strategic planning been?: A qualitative meta-analysis of case studies , 2018 .

[42]  Detlef Schoder,et al.  Open Strategy: State of the Art Review and Research Agenda , 2017, ICIS.

[43]  Detlef Schoder,et al.  Open strategy: Literature review, re-analysis of cases and conceptualisation as a practice , 2017, J. Strateg. Inf. Syst..

[44]  Joseph F. Hair,et al.  Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling , 2021, Handbook of Market Research.