Acute Autonomic Engagement Assessed by Heart Rate Dynamics During Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Heart Failure in the ANTHEM‐HF Trial

Chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) applied to produce biomimetic levels of parasympathetic activation is feasible, well tolerated, safe, improves left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA class, heart rate variability, and baroreflex function, and reduces T‐wave alternans (TWA) in patients with chronic heart failure. However, the acute effects of VNS on beat‐to‐beat heart rate dynamics have not been systematically characterized in humans.

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