Cross-modal affects of smell on the real-time rendering of grass

Smell is a key human sense which can significantly effect our perception of an environment. Although, typically not as developed as our other senses, the presence of a pleasant or unpleasant smell can alter the way we view a scene. Such a cross-modal effect can be substantial with parts of a scene literally going unnoticed as the smell dominates our senses. This paper investigates the cross-modal affect on the perception of the real-time animation of a field of grass in the presence of the smell of cut-grass. Rendering the high level of detail of a close-up view of a field of grass is computationally very demanding. In the real world the smell of grass would be present, and especially strong if the grass had just been cut, for example in preparation for a sports event. By exploiting the cross-modal interaction between smell and visuals we are able to render a lower quality version of a field of grass at a reduced computational cost, without the viewer being aware of the quality difference compared to a high quality version.

[1]  Kurt Debattista,et al.  The effect of rotational ego-motion on the perception of high fidelity animations , 2006, APGV '06.

[2]  Kurt Debattista,et al.  Auditory bias of visual attention for perceptually-guided selective rendering of animations , 2005, GRAPHITE '05.

[3]  Musawir A. Shah,et al.  Real-time rendering of realistic-looking grass , 2005, GRAPHITE.

[4]  Yang Chen,et al.  Olfactory Display: Development and Application in Virtual Reality Therapy , 2006, 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence--Workshops (ICAT'06).

[5]  Craig K. Abbey,et al.  Estimation of human-observer templates in two-alternative forced-choice experiments , 1999, Medical Imaging.

[6]  Takamichi Nakamoto,et al.  Cooking Up an Interactive Olfactory Game Display , 2008, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[7]  Ricki Blau,et al.  Approximate and probabilistic algorithms for shading and rendering structured particle systems , 1985, SIGGRAPH.

[8]  Radomír Mech,et al.  Realistic modeling and rendering of plant ecosystems , 1998, SIGGRAPH.

[9]  Wolfgang Heidrich,et al.  Real-Time Animated Grass , 2002, Eurographics.

[10]  Stefan Winkler,et al.  Audiovisual quality evaluation of low-bitrate video , 2005, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[11]  Kévin Boulanger,et al.  Real-time realistic rendering of nature scenes with dynamic lighting , 2008 .

[12]  Kurt Debattista,et al.  The influence of sound effects on the perceived smoothness of rendered animations , 2005, APGV '05.

[13]  Dirk Bartz,et al.  The Role of Perception for Computer Graphics , 2008, Eurographics.

[14]  Georgia Mastoropoulou The effect of audio on the visual perception of high-fidelity animated 3D computer graphics , 2007 .

[15]  Yutaka Matsushita,et al.  "Friend Park"-expression of the wind and the scent on virtual space , 2001, Proceedings Seventh International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia.

[16]  P. Wallace Individual discrimination of humans by odor , 1977, Physiology & Behavior.

[17]  C. Spence,et al.  The Handbook of Multisensory Processing , 2004 .

[18]  Alan Chalmers,et al.  Selective rendering in a multi-modal environment: scent and graphics , 2007, SCCG.

[19]  Marie-Paule Cani,et al.  Animating prairies in real-time , 2001, I3D '01.

[20]  M. Lévesque Perception , 1986, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[21]  Rachel McDonnell,et al.  Perceptually Adaptive Graphics , 2004, Eurographics.

[22]  Neff Walker,et al.  Evaluating the importance of multi-sensory input on memory and the sense of presence in virtual environments , 1999, Proceedings IEEE Virtual Reality (Cat. No. 99CB36316).

[23]  Woodrow Barfield,et al.  Comments on the Use of Olfactory Displays for Virtual Environments , 1996, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[24]  Russell L. Storms Auditory-visual cross-modal perception phenomena , 1998 .

[25]  Sumanta N. Pattanaik,et al.  Rendering grass terrains in real-time with dynamic lighting , 2006, SIGGRAPH '06.

[26]  Alan Chalmers,et al.  The effect of translational ego-motion on the perception of high fidelity animations , 2006, SCCG.

[27]  M. Carskadon,et al.  Minimal olfactory perception during sleep: why odor alarms will not work for humans. , 2004, Sleep.

[28]  Albert A. Rizzo,et al.  Virtual Iraq: Initial Case Reports from a VR Exposure Therapy Application for Combat-Related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder , 2007, 2007 Virtual Rehabilitation.