GRIDS: Geographically Repulsive Insomnious Distributed Sensors – An Efficient Node Selection Mechanism Using Passive Clustering

Due to the limited capacity of the sensors' batteries, energy is a critical resource in wireless sensors networks. Sleep mode operation is an effective approach to prolong the life time of the network. How to determine insomnious (wakeup) node is a critical component of this approach. There are a number of selection methodologies in the literature but all of them except randomized sleeping require local or global residual energy information exchanges among sensors. This can be very expensive especially in a densely deployed sensor network. In this paper, we propose to use Passive Clustering (PC) as a selection method and we further increase the service time of a sensor network by introducing an energy-aware selection mechanism. This mechanism allows balanced energy consumption among the sensor nodes. Each sensor determines being insomnious or not based on its residual energy and the number of neighbouring insomnious nodes and their energy level. An efficient flooding during each wake up period determines insomnious nodes in the network. GRIDS selects insomnious nodes well distributed in the sensor deployed area. The simulation results show that the selection mechanism distributes "evenly" the duty cycles among sensor nodes and thus considerably increase the network's lifespan as the result.

[1]  Kenichi Mase,et al.  Flooding Schemes for Clustered Ad Hoc Networks , 2002 .

[2]  Anis Laouiti,et al.  Multipoint Relaying: An Efficient Technique for Flooding in Mobile Wireless Networks , 2000 .

[3]  Charles E. Perkins,et al.  Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing , 2001, RFC.

[4]  Yang Xiao,et al.  A Survey of Energy-Efficient Scheduling Mechanisms in Sensor Networks , 2006, Mob. Networks Appl..

[5]  Gregory A. Hansen,et al.  The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol , 2003 .

[6]  Bruce H. Krogh,et al.  Energy-efficient surveillance system using wireless sensor networks , 2004, MobiSys '04.

[7]  Yunghsiang Sam Han,et al.  Scheduling Sleeping Nodes in High Density Cluster-based Sensor Networks , 2005, Mob. Networks Appl..

[8]  Philippe Jacquet,et al.  Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) , 2003, RFC.

[9]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Adaptive Clustering for Mobile Wireless Networks , 1997, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[10]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Efficient flooding with Passive Clustering (PC) in ad hoc networks , 2002, CCRV.

[11]  Ding-Zhu Du,et al.  Improving Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime through Power Aware Organization , 2005, Wirel. Networks.

[12]  Mario Gerla,et al.  GloMoSim: A Scalable Network Simulation Environment , 2002 .

[13]  Mario Gerla,et al.  Multicluster, mobile, multimedia radio network , 1995, Wirel. Networks.

[14]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  Upper bounds on the lifetime of sensor networks , 2001, ICC 2001. IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record (Cat. No.01CH37240).