A Reliable IEEE 802.15.4 Model for Cyber Physical Power Grid Monitoring Systems

Cyber physical systems (CPSs) can significantly improve the resiliency of the smart grid. In CPSs, real time and reliable monitoring require an accurate and stable model of the wireless sensor network (WSN)-based monitoring system. Furthermore, WSNs require strict quality of service (QoS) provisioning as the data generated by the monitored equipment is generally delay and reliability-sensitive. QoS provisioning in WSNs has been widely studied in the literature where most of the work addresses the issue by QoS-aware protocol design. However, analytical models that consider delay, throughput, and power consumption have not matured for CPSs. In this paper, we propose a Markov-based model for cluster-tree WSN topologies that enhances the stability of the WSNs. Cluster-tree deployments are particularly of interest to cyber-physical power grid monitoring systems since they are suitable for large-scale deployments. We perform an exhaustive performance evaluation using different traffic and network conditions in star and cluster-tree WSN topologies. Furthermore, we test the accuracy of our model by performing simulations in environments that are consistent with the analytical model.

[1]  Haibo Zhang,et al.  Deadline-constrained transmission scheduling and data evacuation in WirelessHART networks , 2009, 2009 European Control Conference (ECC).

[2]  Luis Lino Ferreira,et al.  Message Oriented Middleware with QoS Support for Smart Grids , 2012 .

[3]  Ryu Miura,et al.  A reliable and energy-efficient MAC protocol for cluster-tree wireless sensor networks , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC).

[4]  Jianping Zhu,et al.  Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA Scheme Adopting a Modified LIB Model , 2012, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[5]  C. Hudon,et al.  Partial discharge signal interpretation for generator diagnostics , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[6]  Jean-Marc Chaduc,et al.  The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) , 2008 .

[7]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  Modeling and Optimization of the IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol for Reliable and Timely Communications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[8]  Hussein T. Mouftah,et al.  Wireless Sensor Networks for Cost-Efficient Residential Energy Management in the Smart Grid , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[9]  Anis Koubaa,et al.  A Time Division Beacon Scheduling Mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, 19th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS'07).

[10]  Jelena V. Misic,et al.  Performance of a beacon enabled IEEE 802.15.4 cluster with downlink and uplink traffic , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[11]  P. Morshuis,et al.  Partial discharges at DC voltage: their mechanism, detection and analysis , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[12]  Yide Liu,et al.  Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Smart Grid: Recent Trends and Challenges , 2012, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[13]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Fairness in delay-aware cross layer data transmission scheme for wireless sensor networks , 2012, 2012 26th Biennial Symposium on Communications (QBSC).

[14]  Gang Zhu,et al.  End-to-end delay and packet drop rate performance for a wireless sensor network with a cluster-tree topology , 2014, Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput..

[15]  Magnus Jonsson,et al.  Towards Reliable Wireless Industrial Communication With Real-Time Guarantees , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[16]  Gianluigi Ferrari,et al.  Markov chain-based optimization of multihop IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks , 2009, VALUETOOLS.

[17]  Lucia Lo Bello,et al.  A multichannel approach to avoid beacon collisions in IEEE 802.15.4 cluster-tree industrial networks , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation.

[18]  A. Girotra,et al.  Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802 . 11 Distributed Coordination Function , 2005 .

[19]  Sumit Roy,et al.  Analysis of the contention access period of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC , 2007, TOSN.

[20]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  A realistic and stable Markov-based model for WSNs , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC).

[21]  Jinkuan Wang,et al.  Novel WSN-based residential energy management scheme in smart grid , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Technology.

[22]  Nei Kato,et al.  Toward intelligent machine-to-machine communications in smart grid , 2011, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[23]  Dawn M. Tilbury,et al.  The Emergence of Industrial Control Networks for Manufacturing Control, Diagnostics, and Safety Data , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[24]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  A low latency data transmission scheme for smart grid condition monitoring applications , 2012, 2012 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference.

[25]  Song Guo,et al.  A general energy optimization model for wireless networks using configurable antennas , 2010, SAC '10.

[26]  Rüdiger Kays,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Wireless Home Automation Networks in Indoor Scenarios , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[27]  Vojislav B. Misic,et al.  Wireless Personal Area Networks: Performance, Interconnection and Security with IEEE 802.15.4 , 2008 .

[28]  Agustín Zaballos,et al.  Next-generation QoS control architectures for distribution smart grid communication networks , 2012, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[29]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  Priority- and Delay-Aware Medium Access for Wireless Sensor Networks in the Smart Grid , 2014, IEEE Systems Journal.

[30]  Gerd Scholl,et al.  Modular Wireless Real-Time Sensor/Actuator Network for Factory Automation Applications , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[31]  Pravin Varaiya,et al.  Performance Analysis of Slotted Carrier Sense IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Layer , 2008, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[32]  Wei Sun,et al.  Quality of Service Networking for Smart Grid Distribution Monitoring , 2010, 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.

[33]  Martin D. Judd,et al.  Partial discharge study in transformer oil due to particle movement under DC voltage using the UHF technique , 2008 .

[34]  Wook Hyun Kwon,et al.  Throughput and energy consumption analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA , 2005 .

[35]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  A generalized Markov chain model for effective analysis of slotted IEEE 802.15.4 , 2009, 2009 IEEE 6th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems.

[36]  Insup Lee,et al.  Cyber-physical systems: The next computing revolution , 2010, Design Automation Conference.

[37]  Chiara Buratti,et al.  Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Beacon-Enabled Mode , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[38]  Lucia Lo Bello,et al.  Multichannel Superframe Scheduling for IEEE 802.15.4 Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[39]  Husheng Li,et al.  QoS Routing in Smart Grid , 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010.

[40]  Sang Hyuk Son,et al.  Real-Time Data Services for Cyber Physical Systems , 2008, 2008 The 28th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops.

[41]  Winston K. G. Seah,et al.  Quality of Service Provisioning for Smart Meter Networks using Stream Control Transport Protocol , 2012 .