Hierarchical Carbon Framework Wrapped Na3V2(PO4)3 as a Superior High‐Rate and Extended Lifespan Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Hierarchical carbon framework wrapped Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 (HCF-NVP) is successfully synthesized through chemical vapor deposition on pure Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 particles. Electrochemical experiments show that the HCF-NVP electrode can deliver a large reversible capacity (115 mA h g(-1) at 0.2 C), superior high-rate rate capability (38 mA h g(-1) at 500 C), and ultra-long cycling stability (54% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles).

[1]  Xiaobo Ji,et al.  First exploration of Na-ion migration pathways in the NASICON structure Na3V2(PO4)3 , 2014 .

[2]  Kyeongse Song,et al.  Na3V2(PO4)3 particles partly embedded in carbon nanofibers with superb kinetics for ultra-high power sodium ion batteries , 2015 .

[3]  Alok Kumar Rai,et al.  High rate performance of a Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode prepared by pyro-synthesis for sodium-ion batteries , 2012 .

[4]  Jiwen Feng,et al.  A Honeycomb‐Layered Na3Ni2SbO6: A High‐Rate and Cycle‐Stable Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2014, Advanced materials.

[5]  Liquan Chen,et al.  Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage , 2013 .

[6]  M. Doeff,et al.  Factors Influencing the Quality of Carbon Coatings on LiFePO4 , 2007 .

[7]  Jing Zhou,et al.  Superior Electrochemical Performance and Storage Mechanism of Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode for Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2013 .

[8]  Xu Xu,et al.  Effect of Carbon Matrix Dimensions on the Electrochemical Properties of Na3V2(PO4)3 Nanograins for High‐Performance Symmetric Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2014, Advanced materials.

[9]  Yuesheng Wang,et al.  A zero-strain layered metal oxide as the negative electrode for long-life sodium-ion batteries , 2013, Nature Communications.

[10]  Kepeng Song,et al.  Carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)3 embedded in porous carbon matrix: an ultrafast Na-storage cathode with the potential of outperforming Li cathodes. , 2014, Nano letters.

[11]  Soo Yeon Lim,et al.  Electrochemical and Thermal Properties of NASICON Structured Na3V2(PO4)3 as a Sodium Rechargeable Battery Cathode: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study , 2012 .

[12]  Min Zhou,et al.  Nanosized Na4Fe(CN)6/C Composite as a Low‐Cost and High‐Rate Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2012 .

[13]  Yu‐Guo Guo,et al.  A carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material with an enhanced high-rate capability and long lifespan for lithium-ion batteries , 2013 .

[14]  Yang‐Kook Sun,et al.  Reversible NaFePO4 electrode for sodium secondary batteries , 2012 .

[15]  B. Jang,et al.  Graphene-based supercapacitor with an ultrahigh energy density. , 2010, Nano letters.

[16]  Huilin Pan,et al.  Carbon coated Na3V2(PO4)3 as novel electrode material for sodium ion batteries , 2012 .

[17]  Anubhav Jain,et al.  Voltage, stability and diffusion barrier differences between sodium-ion and lithium-ion intercalation materials , 2011 .

[18]  Ji‐Guang Zhang,et al.  Hollow core–shell structured porous Si–C nanocomposites for Li-ion battery anodes , 2012 .

[19]  Shinichi Komaba,et al.  Research development on sodium-ion batteries. , 2014, Chemical reviews.

[20]  K. Sing.  Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984) , 1985 .

[21]  J. Xie,et al.  In Situ One-Step Synthesis of LiFePO4/Carbon-Fiber by a Self-Catalyzed Growth Route , 2011 .

[22]  John B Goodenough,et al.  A superior low-cost cathode for a Na-ion battery. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[23]  Donghan Kim,et al.  Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2013 .

[24]  Gerbrand Ceder,et al.  Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries , 2012 .

[25]  Feng Wu,et al.  Budding willow branches shaped Na3V2(PO4)3/C nanofibers synthesized via an electrospinning technique and used as cathode material for sodium ion batteries , 2015 .

[26]  F. Wei,et al.  Nanographene-constructed carbon nanofibers grown on graphene sheets by chemical vapor deposition: high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries. , 2011, ACS nano.

[27]  Xiaogang Zhang,et al.  From biomolecule to Na3V2(PO4)3/nitrogen-decorated carbon hybrids: highly reversible cathodes for sodium-ion batteries , 2014 .

[28]  K. Hata,et al.  Shape-engineerable and highly densely packed single-walled carbon nanotubes and their application as super-capacitor electrodes , 2006, Nature materials.

[29]  C. R. Martin,et al.  Carbon nanotubule membranes for electrochemical energy storage and production , 1998, Nature.

[30]  P. Bruce,et al.  Nanostructured materials for advanced energy conversion and storage devices , 2005, Nature materials.

[31]  Hui Wang,et al.  Glucose-assisted synthesis of Na3V2(PO4)3/C composite as an electrode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries , 2014 .

[32]  Zhenguo Yang,et al.  Reversible Sodium Ion Insertion in Single Crystalline Manganese Oxide Nanowires with Long Cycle Life , 2011, Advanced materials.

[33]  Jun Chen,et al.  Na3V2(PO4)3@C core–shell nanocomposites for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries , 2014 .

[34]  Jiangfeng Qian,et al.  Mesoporous amorphous FePO4 nanospheres as high-performance cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. , 2014, Nano letters.

[35]  D. K. Kim,et al.  Graphene-supported Na3V2(PO4)3 as a high rate cathode material for sodium-ion batteries , 2013 .

[36]  Min Zhou,et al.  Template-Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanoembossed Mesoporous LiFePO4 Microspheres for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2010 .

[37]  Palani Balaya,et al.  The First Report on Excellent Cycling Stability and Superior Rate Capability of Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium Ion Batteries , 2013 .

[38]  Yi Cui,et al.  Nickel hexacyanoferrate nanoparticle electrodes for aqueous sodium and potassium ion batteries. , 2011, Nano letters.

[39]  Hong Li,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis on energy densities of batteries , 2011 .

[40]  W. Jaegermann,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of Carbon Nano Fiber/LiFePO4 composites for Li-ion batteries , 2008 .