Comparison of metabolomic profiles obtained using chemical ionization and electron ionization MS in exhaled breath.

The exhaled breath is rich in a wide range of volatile organic compounds with the potential to provide readily accessible biomarkers for metabolic activity in the body as a result of normal or abnormal/disease processes. Exhaled breath samples from five healthy volunteers have been analyzed by thermal desorption GC-MS using electron impact and chemical ionization. A total of eight compounds: 2-propenoic acid; 2-methyl, methyl ester; toluene; hexanal; 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-(1methlethyl); phenol; nonanal; dodecane and indole, have been evaluated to establish differences in selectivity and sensitivity using these two mechanisms of ionization. The combination of both electron impact and chemical ionization profiles could prove valuable when prospecting for breath-derived biomarkers as they result in complementary information that aids the identification of unknown components.

[1]  D. Dubourdieu,et al.  Determination of 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione in red wines using methanol chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. , 2011, Journal of chromatography. A.

[2]  Honglin Chen,et al.  GC/MS-based metabolomics reveals fatty acid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism in cell lines infected with influenza A virus. , 2010, Talanta.

[3]  M. Phillips,et al.  Volatile biomarkers in the breath of women with breast cancer , 2010, Journal of breath research.

[4]  Graham Bothamley,et al.  Breath biomarkers of active pulmonary tuberculosis. , 2010, Tuberculosis.

[5]  W. Miekisch,et al.  Breath gas aldehydes as biomarkers of lung cancer , 2009, International journal of cancer.

[6]  D. Deforce,et al.  Joint GC-MS and LC-MS platforms for comprehensive plant metabolomics: repeatability and sample pre-treatment. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[7]  Raed A Dweik,et al.  Exhaled breath analysis: The new interface between medicine and engineering. , 2009, Advanced powder technology : the international journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan.

[8]  T. Ligor.  Analytical Methods for Breath Investigation , 2009 .

[9]  Facundo M Fernandez,et al.  Recent developments in ambient ionization techniques for analytical mass spectrometry. , 2008, The Analyst.

[10]  Shenghua Gu,et al.  Global analysis of metabolites in rat and human urine based on gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. , 2008, Analytical biochemistry.

[11]  J. Austin,et al.  Detection of lung cancer using weighted digital analysis of breath biomarkers. , 2008, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[12]  B. Ross,et al.  Sub-parts per billion detection of trace volatile chemicals in human breath using Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry , 2008, BMC Research Notes.

[13]  Xin Lu,et al.  LC-MS-based metabonomics analysis. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[14]  I. Wilson,et al.  LC-MS-based methodology for global metabolite profiling in metabonomics/metabolomics , 2008 .

[15]  F. G. Río,et al.  New screening method for lung cancer by detecting volatile organic compounds in breath , 2007, Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico.

[16]  Bogusław Buszewski,et al.  Human exhaled air analytics: biomarkers of diseases. , 2007, Biomedical chromatography : BMC.

[17]  David Smith,et al.  Breath analysis: the approach towards clinical applications. , 2007, Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry.

[18]  C L P Thomas,et al.  An adaptive breath sampler for use with human subjects with an impaired respiratory function. , 2007, The Analyst.

[19]  Steven J. Lehotay,et al.  Sensitivity and noise in GC-MS: Achieving low limits of detection for difficult analytes , 2007 .

[20]  D. Klemp,et al.  Volatile organic compounds in the exhaled breath of young patients with cystic fibrosis , 2006, European Respiratory Journal.

[21]  David Smith,et al.  A longitudinal study of ammonia, acetone and propanol in the exhaled breath of 30 subjects using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS , 2006, Physiological measurement.

[22]  David Smith,et al.  Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for on-line trace gas analysis. , 2005, Mass spectrometry reviews.

[23]  P. Mazzone,et al.  Detection of lung cancer by sensor array analyses of exhaled breath. , 2005, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[24]  P. Lirk,et al.  Medical applications of proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry: ambient air monitoring and breath analysis , 2004 .

[25]  W. Miekisch,et al.  Diagnostic potential of breath analysis--focus on volatile organic compounds. , 2004, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[26]  M. Bulsara,et al.  Association of domestic exposure to volatile organic compounds with asthma in young children , 2004, Thorax.

[27]  Anthony F. P. Nash,et al.  A 1H NMR-based metabonomic study of urine and plasma samples obtained from healthy human subjects. , 2003, Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.

[28]  Kevin Gleeson,et al.  Detection of lung cancer with volatile markers in the breath. , 2003, Chest.

[29]  W. Heer.  Carbon nanotubes: Structure and transport in nanotubes. , 2002 .

[30]  J. Lindon,et al.  Metabonomics: a platform for studying drug toxicity and gene function , 2002, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[31]  市瀬 裕一,et al.  7) Phillips, Gleeson, Hughes, et al. Volatile organic compounds in breath as markers of lung cancer: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 1999 5; 353 (9168): 1930-3 , 2001 .

[32]  Andrew M. Taylor,et al.  Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry for in vivo analysis of volatile flavour release , 2000 .

[33]  M. Phillips,et al.  Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal humans. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[34]  R. Cataneo,et al.  Volatile organic compounds in breath as markers of lung cancer: a cross-sectional study , 1999, The Lancet.

[35]  G. Glish,et al.  Comparison of electron ionization and chemical ionization sensitivities in an ion trap mass spectrometer , 1991 .

[36]  G. Wanless,et al.  Simplified mass spectra by dual field ionization-electron impact source , 1967 .