Towards Modeling Natural Language Inferences with Part-Whole Relations using Formal Ontology and Lexical Semantics

In this paper, we present a framework of natural language semantics combined with formal ontology to deal with lexical and world knowledge. We build on a framework of Dependent Type Semantics (DTS), a framework of natural language semantics based on dependent type theory. We show how to handle natural language inferences with part-whole relations, in particular, bridging inferences and inferences with the socalled total and partial predicates, in this framework.

[1]  Christiane Fellbaum,et al.  Book Reviews: WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database , 1999, CL.

[2]  Riichiro Mizoguchi,et al.  Ontology Engineering Environments , 2004, Handbook on Ontologies.

[3]  Daisuke Bekki.  Representing Anaphora with Dependent Types , 2014, LACL.

[4]  Diego Calvanese,et al.  The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications , 2003, Description Logic Handbook.

[5]  Pla Paul Piwek,et al.  Presupposition Projection as Proof Construction , 1999 .

[6]  Zhaohui Luo,et al.  Natural Language Inference in Coq , 2014, J. Log. Lang. Inf..

[7]  B. Geurts.  Presuppositions and Pronouns , 1999 .

[8]  Nicola Guarino,et al.  Sweetening WORDNET with DOLCE , 2003, AI Mag..

[9]  Per Martin-Löf,et al.  Intuitionistic type theory , 1984, Studies in proof theory.

[10]  Thomas F. Icard III,et al.  Recent Progress on Monotonicity , 2014, LILT.

[11]  Aarne Ranta.  Type-Theoretical Grammar , 1995 .

[12]  Riichiro Mizoguchi,et al.  Part 3: Advanced course of ontological engineering , 2004, New Generation Computing.

[13]  Johan Bos,et al.  Wide-Coverage Semantic Analysis with Boxer , 2008, STEP.

[14]  Christopher Kennedy,et al.  Scale Structure, Degree Modification, and the Semantics of Gradable Predicates , 2005 .

[15]  Uwe Reyle,et al.  From discourse to logic , 1993 .

[16]  Yoad Winter,et al.  Total Adjectives vs. Partial Adjectives: Scale Structure and Higher-Order Modifiers , 2004 .

[17]  Mark Steedman,et al.  The syntactic process , 2004, Language, speech, and communication.

[18]  Herbert H. Clark,et al.  Bridging , 1975, TINLAP.

[19]  James R. Curran,et al.  Wide-Coverage Efficient Statistical Parsing with CCG and Log-Linear Models , 2007, Computational Linguistics.

[20]  Jeroen Groenendijk,et al.  Dynamic predicate logic , 1991 .

[21]  Youngeun Yoon,et al.  Total and partial predicates and the weak and strong interpretations , 1996 .

[22]  Rob A. van der Sandt,et al.  Presupposition Projection as Anaphora Resolution , 1992, J. Semant..