Pulmonary surfactant therapy.

In 1959, not long after surfactant had been identified as critical to maintaining lung inflation at low transpulmonary pressures,1,2 Avery and Mead3 reported that saline extracts from the lungs of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome lacked the low surface tension characteristic of pulmonary surfactant. After several unsuccessful attempts to treat infants with respiratory distress syndrome with aerosolized surfactant,4,5 intratracheal administration of surfactant recovered from the air spaces of mature animal lungs was found to improve lung expansion and ventilation in preterm animals6–8. The clinical potential of surfactant treatment for respiratory distress syndrome was demonstrated by . . .

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