Direct-count estimates of fungal and bacterial biovolume in dead leaves of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.)

Two types of hyphal-extraction, direct-count methods of estimating fungal biovalume in standing-dead, autumn leaves of Spartina alterniflora were compared with a clearing+staining method which does not require homogenization. Bacterial biovolume also was estimated, by an acridine-orange direct-count method. Type of homogenization had little effect on measured fungal volume, but counts made using water-soluble-aniline-blue epifluorescence were consistently lower than those made using phase-contrast (by 6–10x). Clearing+staining could not be used to estimate hyphal lengths, but was of use in estimating total ascocarp volume (=0.06 mm3 per mm3 of leaf). Estimated fungal hyphal volume was approximately 0.27 mm3 per mm3 of leaf. Bacterial volume was <3% of fungal volume.

[1]  M. Leibowitz,et al.  The Fungal Community: Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem, Volume II , 1983 .

[2]  B. L. Howes,et al.  Sterols in decomposing Spartina alterniflora and the use of ergosterol in estimating the contribution of fungi to detrital nitrogen1 , 1980 .

[3]  T. W. Johnson,et al.  Marine Mycology: The Higher Fungi , 1980 .

[4]  E. Haines,et al.  Experimental degradation of detritus made from the salt marsh plants Spartina alterniflora Loisel., Salicornia virginica L., and Juncus roemerianus Scheele , 1979 .

[5]  E. Paul,et al.  Conversion of Biovolume Measurements of Soil Organisms, Grown Under Various Moisture Tensions, to Biomass and Their Nutrient Content , 1979, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[6]  F. Pedrazzini,et al.  CHANGES IN AMINO ACIDS, ENZYME ACTIVITIES, AND BIOMASSES DURING SOIL MICROBIAL GROWTH , 1979 .

[7]  G. Trolldenier,et al.  Comparison of methods for soil microbial-population and biomass studies , 1979 .

[8]  W. Odum,et al.  Non-protein nitrogen compounds associated with particles of vascular plant detritus , 1979 .

[9]  B. Berg,et al.  Fungal biomass and nitrogen in decomposing scots pine needle litter , 1979 .

[10]  E. Bååth,et al.  Significance of hyphal diameter in calculation of fungal bio-volume , 1979 .

[11]  B. Söderström.  Seasonal fluctuations of active fungal biomass in horizons of a podzolized pine-forest soil in central Sweden , 1979 .

[12]  R. Gessner.  Spartina alterniflora seed fungi , 1978 .

[13]  B. Lundgren,et al.  Effect of nitrogen and carbon supply on the development of soil organism populations and pine seedlings - microcosm experiment , 1978 .

[14]  Angel T. Martı́nez,et al.  Microfungal biomass and number of propagules in an andosol , 1978 .

[15]  J. Frankland,et al.  A comparison of two methods for the estimation of mycelial biomass in leaf litter , 1978 .

[16]  M. Swift.  Growth of Stereum hirsutum during the long-term decomposition of oak branch-wood , 1978 .

[17]  R. Christian,et al.  INTERACTION BETWEEN SUBSTRATE, MICROBES, AND CONSUMERS OF SPARTINA DETRITUS IN ESTUARIES , 1978 .

[18]  E. Paul,et al.  Microscopic Counting and Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate Measurement in Determining Microbial Growth in Soils , 1977, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[19]  J. Jones,et al.  The Long Term Effects of Kerosine Pollution on the Microflora of a Moorland Soil , 1977 .

[20]  R. Gessner.  Seasonal Occurrence and Distribution of Fungi Associated with Spartina Alterniflora from a Rhode Island Estuary , 1977 .

[21]  D. Engel,et al.  Seasonal distribution and changes in the nutritive quality of living, dead and detrital fractions of Zostera marina L. , 1977 .

[22]  S. Y. Newell,et al.  Preliminary Experimentation in the Development of Natural Food Analogues for Culture of Detritivorous Shrimp , 1976 .

[23]  J. Gosselink,et al.  Primary Production in a Louisiana Golf Coast Spartina Alterniflora Marsh , 1976 .

[24]  J. Frankland.  Estimation of live fungal biomass , 1975 .

[25]  D. Parkinson,et al.  Fungal succession on aspen poplar leaf litter , 1975 .

[26]  J. Goksøyr.  Decomposition, Microbiology, and Ecosystem Analysis , 1975 .

[27]  J. Frankland.  Importance of phase-contrast microscopy for estimation of total fungal biomass by the agar-film technique , 1974 .

[28]  F. Bärlocher,et al.  Dynamics of the Fungal Population on Leaves in a Stream , 1974 .

[29]  M. Witkamp.  DIRECT AND INDIRECT COUNTS OF FUNGI AND BACTERIA AS INDEXES OF MICROBIAL MASS AND PRODUCTIVITY , 1974 .

[30]  J. Gosselink,et al.  Decomposition of salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel.1 , 1974 .

[31]  K. Doxtader.  Methods for Studying the Ecology of Soil Microorganisms , 1974 .

[32]  C. E. Anderson.  A REVIEW OF STRUCTURE IN SEVERAL NORTH CAROLINA SALT MARSH PLANTS , 1974 .

[33]  M. S. May.  PROBABLE AGENTS FOR THE FORMATION OF DETRITUS FROM THE HALOPHYTE, SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA , 1974 .

[34]  J. Goksøyr,et al.  Evaluation of Hyphal Lengths and Fungal Biomass in Soil by a Membrane Filter Technique , 1974 .

[35]  R. J. Reimold,et al.  REMOTE SENSING OF TIDAL MARSH , 1973 .

[36]  M. Swift.  The estimation of mycelial biomass by determination of the hexosamine content of wood tissue decayed by fungi , 1973 .

[37]  D. Griffin,et al.  Ecology of Soil Fungi , 1973 .

[38]  D. Warnock.  Assay of Fungal Mycelium in Grains of Barley, including the Use of the Fluorescent Antibody Technique for Individual Fungal Species , 1971 .

[39]  J. M. Phillips,et al.  Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. , 1970 .

[40]  F. James Rohlf,et al.  Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research , 1969 .

[41]  D. Parkinson,et al.  Modifications of the Agar Film Technique for assaying Lengths of Mycelium in Soil , 1965, Nature.

[42]  W. Eschrich,et al.  Identification of Cauose by its Diachrome and Fluorochrome Reactions , 1964 .

[43]  F. Olson.  Quantitative estimates of filamentous algae , 1950 .

[44]  M. H. Quenouille,et al.  A Technique for the Quantitative Estimation of Soil Micro-organisms: With a Statistical Note by , 1948 .