Halogen activation via interactions with environmental ice and snow

[1]  Gareth A. Lee,et al.  Climate‐induced change in biogenic bromine emissions from the Antarctic marine biosphere , 2012 .

[2]  A. Karlsson,et al.  The relationship between biophysical variables and halocarbon distributions in the waters of the Amundsen and Ross Seas, Antarctica , 2012 .

[3]  A. MacArthur,et al.  Hydroxyl radical and NOx production rates, black carbon concentrations and light‐absorbing impurities in snow from field measurements of light penetration and nadir reflectivity of onshore and offshore coastal Alaskan snow , 2012 .

[4]  J. Thornton,et al.  Temperature dependent halogen activation by N 2 O 5 reactions on halide-doped ice surfaces , 2012 .

[5]  G. Huey,et al.  Br 2 , BrCl, BrO and surface ozone in coastal Antarctica: a meteorological and chemical analysis , 2012 .

[6]  G. Mcfiggans,et al.  Atmospheric chemistry of iodine. , 2012, Chemical reviews.

[7]  A. MacArthur,et al.  Calculations of in‐snow NO2 and OH radical photochemical production and photolysis rates: A field and radiative‐transfer study of the optical properties of Arctic (Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard) snow , 2011 .

[8]  M. Shaw,et al.  Thermal evolution of diffusive transport of atmospheric halocarbons through artificial sea–ice , 2011 .

[9]  M. Kuo,et al.  Modeling interfacial liquid layers on environmental ices , 2011 .

[10]  J. Curry,et al.  Analysis of satellite-derived Arctic tropospheric BrO columns in conjunction with aircraft measurements during ARCTAS and ARCPAC , 2011 .

[11]  Jennie L. Thomas,et al.  Observations of hydroxyl and peroxy radicals and the impact of BrO at Summit, Greenland in 2007 and 2008 , 2011 .

[12]  U. Platt,et al.  The vertical distribution of BrO and aerosols in the Arctic: Measurements by active and passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy , 2011 .

[13]  P. Shepson,et al.  A comparison of Arctic BrO measurements by chemical ionization mass spectrometry and long path‐differential optical absorption spectroscopy , 2011 .

[14]  D. Donaldson,et al.  Exclusion of Nitrate to the Air–Ice Interface During Freezing , 2011 .

[15]  H. Roscoe,et al.  Frost flowers in the laboratory: growth, characteristics, aerosol, and the underlying sea ice , 2011 .

[16]  Takeshi Tamura,et al.  Properties of snow overlying the sea ice off East Antarctica in late winter, 2007 , 2011 .

[17]  R. Barry,et al.  Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis , 2011 .

[18]  R. Kwok,et al.  Analysis of reactive bromine production and ozone depletion in the Arctic boundary layer using 3-D simulations with GEM-AQ: Inference from synoptic-scale patterns , 2011 .

[19]  A. Dastoor,et al.  The behavior of mercury in the cryosphere: A review of what we know from observations , 2011 .

[20]  J. Abbatt,et al.  Formation of gas-phase bromine from interaction of ozone with frozen and liquid NaCl/NaBr solutions: quantitative separation of surficial chemistry from bulk-phase reaction. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[21]  D. Nachtigallová,et al.  Chemistry of small organic molecules on snow grains: the applicability of artificial snow for environmental studies. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[22]  P. Shepson,et al.  Halide affinity for the water-air interface in aqueous solutions of mixtures of sodium salts. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[23]  D. Tobias,et al.  Nitrate ion photolysis in thin water films in the presence of bromide ions. , 2011, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[24]  H. Schlager,et al.  Evidence for heterogeneous chlorine activation in the tropical UTLS , 2011 .

[25]  J. Tison,et al.  Gas diffusion through columnar laboratory sea ice: implications for mixed-layer ventilation of CO2 in the seasonal ice zone , 2011 .

[26]  Jennie L. Thomas,et al.  Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland – Part 1: Model description and results , 2010 .

[27]  Howard K. Roscoe,et al.  A network of autonomous surface ozone monitors in Antarctica: technical description and first results , 2010 .

[28]  H. Bluhm,et al.  Surface chemical properties of eutectic and frozen NaCl solutions probed by XPS and NEXAFS. , 2010, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[29]  D. Donaldson,et al.  Different photolysis kinetics at the surface of frozen freshwater vs. frozen salt solutions , 2010 .

[30]  Nicolas Theys,et al.  Global observations of tropospheric BrO columns using GOME-2 satellite data , 2010 .

[31]  P. Pilewskie,et al.  Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project , 2010 .

[32]  J. Sodeau,et al.  Freeze-induced reactions: formation of iodine-bromine interhalogen species from aqueous halide ion solutions. , 2010, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[33]  S. Montzka,et al.  Ozone variability and halogen oxidation within the Arctic and sub-Arctic springtime boundary layer , 2010 .

[34]  James D. Lee,et al.  Coupling of HO x , NO x and halogen chemistry in the antarctic boundary layer , 2010 .

[35]  Xiong Liu,et al.  A new interpretation of total column BrO during Arctic spring , 2010 .

[36]  M. Shaw,et al.  Evidence of reactive iodine chemistry in the Arctic boundary layer , 2010 .

[37]  J. Lee-Taylor,et al.  The importance of considering depth-resolved photochemistry in snow: a radiative-transfer study of NO2 and OH production in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard) snowpacks , 2010, Journal of Glaciology.

[38]  S. Morin,et al.  Observation of widespread depletion of ozone in the springtime boundary layer of the central Arctic linked to mesoscale synoptic conditions , 2010 .

[39]  D. Donaldson,et al.  Spectroscopic studies of the heterogeneous reaction between O3(g) and halides at the surface of frozen salt solutions , 2010 .

[40]  A. Richter,et al.  Vertical structure of Antarctic tropospheric ozone depletion events: characteristics and broader implications , 2010 .

[41]  J. Pyle,et al.  Blowing snow-sourced bromine and its implications for polar tropospheric ozone , 2010 .

[42]  J. Peischl,et al.  Bromine measurements in ozone depleted air over the Arctic Ocean , 2010 .

[43]  R. A. Cox,et al.  Release of gas-phase halogens by photolytic generation of OH in frozen halide-nitrate solutions: an active halogen formation mechanism? , 2010, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[44]  Glenn E. Shaw,et al.  The Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission: design, execution, and first results , 2010 .

[45]  G. Dieckmann,et al.  Brief Communication: Ikaite (CaCO 3 ·6H 2 O) discovered in Arctic sea ice , 2010 .

[46]  D. Toohey,et al.  Aviation and Chemistry and Transport Processes in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere , 2010 .

[47]  C. Duarte,et al.  Distribution and photoreactivity of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Antarctic Peninsula (Southern Ocean) , 2010 .

[48]  U. Platt,et al.  Observation of halogen species in the Amundsen Gulf, Arctic, by active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[49]  Garry Timco,et al.  A review of the engineering properties of sea ice , 2010 .

[50]  Jie Cheng,et al.  Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy of the Morphology and Composition of Interstitial Fluids in Freezing Electrolyte Solutions , 2010 .

[51]  R. Glasow,et al.  Modelling the multiphase near-surface chemistry related to ozone depletions in polar spring , 2009 .

[52]  J. Pyle,et al.  How different would tropospheric oxidation be over an ice‐free Arctic? , 2009 .

[53]  U. Platt,et al.  Iodine monoxide in the Antarctic snowpack , 2009 .

[54]  H. Meyer,et al.  Multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree and classical dynamics studies of the photodissociation of HF and HCl molecules adsorbed on ice: extension to three dimensions. , 2009, The Journal of chemical physics.

[55]  H. Roscoe,et al.  Frost flower surface area and chemistry as a function of salinity and temperature , 2009 .

[56]  D. Donaldson,et al.  Hydroxyl radical reactivity at the air-ice interface , 2009 .

[57]  S. Morin,et al.  Introducing the bromide/alkalinity ratio for a follow-up discussion on , 2009 .

[58]  J. Burrows,et al.  Satellite observations of long range transport of a large BrO plume in the Arctic , 2009 .

[59]  B. C. Garrett,et al.  Interaction of ClO radical with liquid water. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[60]  Phillip J. Wyss,et al.  Development of an autonomous sea ice tethered buoy for the study of ocean-atmosphere-sea ice-snow pack interactions: the O-buoy , 2009 .

[61]  D. Donaldson,et al.  Photooxidation of halides by chlorophyll at the air-salt water interface. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[62]  A. Richter,et al.  BrO, blizzards, and drivers of polar tropospheric ozone depletion events , 2009 .

[63]  J. Moore,et al.  Frost flower chemical signature in winter snow on Vestfonna ice cap (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard) , 2009 .

[64]  P. Liss,et al.  Seasonal cycle of seawater bromoform and dibromomethane concentrations in a coastal bay on the western Antarctic Peninsula , 2009 .

[65]  M. Worster,et al.  Frost flower formation on sea ice and lake ice , 2009 .

[66]  C. Anastasio,et al.  Photochemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrous acidium ion (H2ONO) in aqueous solution and ice. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[67]  T. Zhao,et al.  A three-dimensional model study on the production of BrO and Arctic boundary layer ozone depletion , 2008 .

[68]  S. Morin,et al.  Precipitation of salts in freezing seawater and ozone depletion events: a status report , 2008 .

[69]  F. Slemr,et al.  Simulation of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) during polar springtime using the MECCA box model , 2008 .

[70]  W. Simpson,et al.  Frost flower chemical composition during growth and its implications for aerosol production and bromine activation , 2008 .

[71]  D. Tobias,et al.  Enhanced surface photochemistry in chloride-nitrate ion mixtures. , 2008, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[72]  J. Abbatt,et al.  Release of gas-phase halogens from sodium halide substrates: heterogeneous oxidation of frozen solutions and desiccated salts by hydroxyl radicals , 2008 .

[73]  M. Hoffmann,et al.  HONO emissions from snow surfaces , 2008 .

[74]  P. Fraser,et al.  Global distribution and seasonal concentration change of methyl iodide in the atmosphere , 2008 .

[75]  F. Daerden,et al.  A global stratospheric bromine monoxide climatology based on the BASCOE chemical transport model , 2008 .

[76]  J. Pyle,et al.  Sea salt aerosol production and bromine release: Role of snow on sea ice , 2008 .

[77]  Frank Wania,et al.  Screening chemicals for the potential to be persistent organic pollutants: a case study of Arctic contaminants. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[78]  P. Slavíček,et al.  Emergence of charge-transfer-to-solvent band in the absorption spectra of hydrogen halides on ice nanoparticles: spectroscopic evidence for acidic dissociation. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[79]  P. Ulbig,et al.  Monitoring Ice Nucleation in Pure and Salty Water via High-Speed Imaging and Computer Simulations , 2008 .

[80]  N. Pirrone,et al.  Chasing quicksilver northward: mercury chemistry in the Arctic troposphere , 2008 .

[81]  D. Wolf-Gladrow,et al.  Calcium carbonate as ikaite crystals in Antarctic sea ice , 2008 .

[82]  H. Skov,et al.  A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow , 2008 .

[83]  J. Sodeau,et al.  Release of nitric oxide and iodine to the atmosphere from the freezing of sea-salt aerosol components. , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[84]  C. Anastasio,et al.  Light absorption by soluble chemical species in Arctic and Antarctic snow , 2007 .

[85]  W. Emery,et al.  A younger, thinner Arctic ice cover: Increased potential for rapid, extensive sea‐ice loss , 2007 .

[86]  T. L. Thompson,et al.  Measurements of trace gases in the tropical tropopause layer , 2007 .

[87]  A. Stohl,et al.  An assessment of the polar HOx photochemical budget based on 2003 Summit Greenland field observations , 2007 .

[88]  T. L. Thompson,et al.  Chlorine activation near the midlatitude tropopause , 2007 .

[89]  D. Koch,et al.  Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies , 2007 .

[90]  D. Donaldson,et al.  Direct experimental evidence for a heterogeneous reaction of ozone with bromide at the air-aqueous interface. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[91]  J. Burrows,et al.  Observations of iodine monoxide columns from satellite , 2007 .

[92]  N. Takenaka,et al.  Chemical kinetics of reactions in the unfrozen solution of ice. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[93]  J. Peischl,et al.  Observations of hydroxyl and the sum of peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland during summer 2003 , 2007 .

[94]  D. Blake,et al.  Are methyl halides produced on all ice surfaces? Observations from snow-laden field sites , 2007 .

[95]  J. Lee-Taylor,et al.  Hydroxyl (OH) radical production rates in snowpacks from photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitrate (NO3 , 2007 .

[96]  J. Burkhart,et al.  Photoformation of hydroxyl radical on snow grains at Summit, Greenland , 2007 .

[97]  John M. C. Plane,et al.  Boundary Layer Halogens in Coastal Antarctica , 2007, Science.

[98]  G. Somorjai,et al.  Surface Premelting of Ice , 2007 .

[99]  Xiong Liu,et al.  First observations of iodine oxide from space , 2007 .

[100]  David G. Barber,et al.  Investigations of newly formed sea ice in the Cape Bathurst polynya: 1. Structural, physical, and optical properties , 2007 .

[101]  P. Shepson,et al.  A study of the vertical scale of halogen chemistry in the Arctic troposphere during Polar Sunrise at Barrow, Alaska , 2007 .

[102]  C. Anastasio,et al.  Temperature and wavelength dependence of nitrite photolysis in frozen and aqueous solutions. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[103]  R. Glasow,et al.  The potential importance of frost flowers, recycling on snow, and open leads for ozone depletion events , 2007 .

[104]  J. Klánová,et al.  Photochemically induced nitration and hydroxylation of organic aromatic compounds in the presence of nitrate or nitrite in ice , 2007 .

[105]  S. Montzka,et al.  Oceanic distributions and emissions of short‐lived halocarbons , 2007 .

[106]  P. Shepson,et al.  Ions at the ice/vapor interface , 2007 .

[107]  U. Platt,et al.  First-year sea-ice contact predicts bromine monoxide (BrO) levels at Barrow, Alaska better than potential frost flower contact , 2007 .

[108]  D. Donaldson,et al.  Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on water and ice surfaces. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[109]  J. Michels,et al.  Depth profiles of volatile iodine and bromine-containing halocarbons in coastal Antarctic waters , 2007 .

[110]  A. Lewis,et al.  Cross-tropopause fluxes of ozone using assimilation of MOZAIC observations in a global CTM , 2006 .

[111]  J. Burrows,et al.  Carbonate precipitation in brine – a potential trigger for tropospheric ozone depletion events , 2006 .

[112]  P. Shepson,et al.  Chlorine and bromine atom ratios in the springtime Arctic troposphere as determined from measurements of halogenated volatile organic compounds , 2006 .

[113]  J. Abbatt,et al.  Br2 production from the heterogeneous reaction of gas-phase OH with aqueous salt solutions: Impacts of acidity, halide concentration, and organic surfactants. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[114]  M. Molina,et al.  Hydrogen chloride-induced surface disordering on ice. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[115]  L. Avallone,et al.  Frost flower influence on springtime boundary‐layer ozone depletion events and atmospheric bromine levels , 2006 .

[116]  Heikki Saari,et al.  The ozone monitoring instrument , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.

[117]  M. Guzman,et al.  Acidity of frozen electrolyte solutions. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[118]  D. Tobias,et al.  Introduction: Structure and Chemistry at Aqueous Interfaces , 2006 .

[119]  T. Peter,et al.  The uptake of acidic gases on ice. , 2006, Chemical reviews.

[120]  Pavel Jungwirth,et al.  Specific ion effects at the air/water interface. , 2006, Chemical reviews.

[121]  J. Sodeau,et al.  Freezing halide ion solutions and the release of interhalogens to the atmosphere. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[122]  J. Hynes,et al.  Heterogeneous reactions important in atmospheric ozone depletion: a theoretical perspective. , 2006, Accounts of chemical research.

[123]  Martin D. King,et al.  Measurement and modelling of UV radiation penetration and photolysis rates of nitrate and hydrogen peroxide in antarctic sea ice : An estimate of the production rate of hydroxyl radicals in first-year sea ice , 2005 .

[124]  R. Rosenberg,et al.  Why is ice slippery , 2005 .

[125]  D. Toohey,et al.  Variability of active chlorine in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere , 2005 .

[126]  P. Liss,et al.  Oceanic distributions and air-sea fluxes of biogenic halocarbons in the open ocean , 2005 .

[127]  W. Simpson,et al.  Specific surface area, density and microstructure of frost flowers , 2005 .

[128]  C. Anastasio,et al.  Formation of hydroxyl radical from the photolysis of frozen hydrogen peroxide. , 2005, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[129]  S. Brock,et al.  Porous Semiconductor Chalcogenide Aerogels , 2005, Science.

[130]  G. Hall,et al.  Chemical composition of arctic snow: concentration levels and regional distribution of major elements. , 2005, The Science of the total environment.

[131]  G. Hönninger,et al.  A one dimensional model study of the mechanism of halogen liberation and vertical transport in the polar troposphere , 2004 .

[132]  D. Tobias,et al.  Formation of Molecular Bromine from the Reaction of Ozone with Deliquesced NaBr Aerosol: Evidence for Interface Chemistry , 2004 .

[133]  A. Ianniello,et al.  The origin of sea salt in snow on Arctic sea ice and in coastal regions , 2004 .

[134]  A. Wulff,et al.  Air-sea exchange of halocarbons: the influence of diurnal and regional variations and distribution of pigments , 2004 .

[135]  Justin C. Johnson,et al.  Direct experimental validation of the Jones-Ray effect , 2004 .

[136]  R. N. Schindler,et al.  Observation of a Heterogeneous Source of OClO from the Reaction of ClO Radicals on Ice , 2004 .

[137]  T. Peter,et al.  Microphysics and heterogeneous chemistry in aircraft plumes - high sensitivity on local meteorology and atmospheric composition , 2004 .

[138]  J. Burrows,et al.  Frost flowers on sea ice as a source of sea salt and their influence on tropospheric halogen chemistry , 2004 .

[139]  Y. Lei,et al.  Is rain or snow a more efficient scavenger of organic chemicals , 2004 .

[140]  Nicholas R. T. Biggs,et al.  Polynya Dynamics: a Review of Observations and Modeling , 2004 .

[141]  K. Chance,et al.  Widespread persistent near‐surface ozone depletion at northern high latitudes in spring , 2003 .

[142]  B. Finlayson‐Pitts.  The tropospheric chemistry of sea salt: a molecular-level view of the chemistry of NaCl and NaBr. , 2003, Chemical reviews.

[143]  J. Abbatt,et al.  Interactions of atmospheric trace gases with ice surfaces: adsorption and reaction. , 2003, Chemical reviews.

[144]  J. Hynes,et al.  Adsorption of HF and HCl molecules on ice at 190 and 235 K from molecular dynamics simulations: Free energy profiles and residence times , 2003 .

[145]  D. Toohey,et al.  In situ observations of ClO near the winter polar tropopause , 2003 .

[146]  D. Jacob,et al.  Coupled evolution of BrOx-ClOx-HOx-NOx chemistry during bromine- catalyzed ozone depletion events in the arctic boundary layer , 2003 .

[147]  D. Toohey,et al.  In situ measurements of bromine oxide at two high‐latitude boundary layer sites: Implications of variability , 2003 .

[148]  Seelye Martin,et al.  Frost flowers: Implications for tropospheric chemistry and ice core interpretation , 2002 .

[149]  G. Dieckmann,et al.  Micro-optodes in sea ice: A new approach to investigate oxygen dynamics during sea ice formation , 2002 .

[150]  P. Shepson,et al.  NMR Investigation of the Quasi-Brine Layer in Ice/Brine Mixtures , 2002 .

[151]  Josefino C. Comiso,et al.  A rapidly declining perennial sea ice cover in the Arctic , 2002 .

[152]  V. Buch,et al.  Solvation and Ionization Stages of HCl on Ice Nanocrystals , 2002 .

[153]  Paul B. Shepson,et al.  Air-Snow Interactions and Atmospheric Chemistry , 2002, Science.

[154]  D. Tarasick,et al.  Surface ozone depletion episodes in the Arctic and Antarctic from historical ozonesonde records , 2002 .

[155]  Yaochun Shen,et al.  Sum-frequency spectroscopic studies of ice interfaces , 2002 .

[156]  J. Abbatt,et al.  Kinetics and Product Yields in the Heterogeneous Reactions of HOBr with Ice Surfaces Containing NaBr and NaCl , 2002 .

[157]  P. Shepson,et al.  Atmospheric chemistry of formaldehyde in the Arctic troposphere at Polar Sunrise, and the influence of the snowpack , 2002 .

[158]  K. Steffen,et al.  Vertical fluxes of NOx, HONO, and HNO3 above the snowpack at Summit, Greenland , 2002 .

[159]  P. Shepson,et al.  Impacts of snowpack emissions on deduced levels of OH and peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland , 2002 .

[160]  N. Holmes,et al.  Uptake and reaction of HOBr on frozen and dry NaCl/NaBr surfaces between 253 and 233 K , 2002 .

[161]  M. Mozurkewich,et al.  Laboratory Studies of Bromide Oxidation in the Presence of Ozone: Evidence for a Glass-Surface Mediated Reaction , 2002 .

[162]  C. Girardet,et al.  Molecular atmospheric pollutant adsorption on ice: a theoretical survey , 2001 .

[163]  K. Pfeilsticker,et al.  Spatial and temporal distribution of enhanced boundary layer BrO concentrations measured by the GOME instrument aboard ERS‐2 , 2001 .

[164]  Douglas J. Tobias,et al.  Molecular Structure of Salt Solutions: A New View of the Interface with Implications for Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry , 2001 .

[165]  Ian Allison,et al.  Snow on Antarctic sea ice , 2001 .

[166]  J. S. Francisco,et al.  Kinetics and mechanisms of aqueous ozone reactions with bromide, sulfite, hydrogen sulfite, iodide, and nitrite ions. , 2001, Inorganic chemistry.

[167]  Y. Yokouchi,et al.  Atmospheric methyl iodide: High correlation with surface seawater temperature and its implications on the sea‐to‐air flux , 2001 .

[168]  K. Pfeilsticker,et al.  Spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric iodine oxide at Neumayer Station, Antarctica , 2001 .

[169]  P. Shepson,et al.  The role of Br2 and BrCl in surface ozone destruction at polar sunrise. , 2001, Science.

[170]  M. Molina,et al.  Phase transitions of sea-salt/water mixtures at low temperatures: Implications for ozone chemistry in the polar marine boundary layer , 2000 .

[171]  E. Wolff,et al.  Frost flowers as a source of fractionated sea salt aerosol in the polar regions , 2000 .

[172]  J. Abbatt,et al.  Gas-Phase Br2 Production in Heterogeneous Reactions of Cl2, HOCl, and BrCl with Halide−Ice Surfaces , 2000 .

[173]  H. Butt,et al.  Measuring the Thickness of the Liquid-like Layer on Ice Surfaces with Atomic Force Microscopy , 2000 .

[174]  Brian A. Michalowski,et al.  A computer model study of multiphase chemistry in the Arctic boundary layer during polar sunrise , 2000 .

[175]  K. Bolton,et al.  Coupled QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations of HCl Interacting with Ice Surfaces and Water Clusters − Evidence of Rapid Ionization , 2000 .

[176]  J. Crowley,et al.  Activation of Br2 and BrCl via uptake of HOBr onto aqueous salt solutions , 1999 .

[177]  Stanley C. Solomon,et al.  Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history , 1999 .

[178]  M. Buchwitz,et al.  SCIAMACHY: Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes , 1999 .

[179]  B. Finlayson‐Pitts,et al.  Bromine activation in the troposphere by the dark reaction of O3 with seawater ice , 1998 .

[180]  T. Wagner,et al.  Satellite mapping of enhanced BrO concentrations in the troposphere , 1998, Nature.

[181]  Kelly Chance,et al.  Analysis of BrO measurements from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment , 1998 .

[182]  L. Barrie,et al.  Arctic springtime depletion of mercury , 1998, Nature.

[183]  Michael Eisinger,et al.  GOME observations of tropospheric BrO in northern hemispheric spring and summer 1997 , 1998 .

[184]  J. Sodeau,et al.  Mechanism of the Heterogeneous Reaction of Hydrogen Chloride with Chlorine Nitrate and Hypochlorous Acid on Water Ice , 1998 .

[185]  M. Rossi,et al.  The heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with HBr on Ice comparison with N2O5+HCl , 1998 .

[186]  A. Minikin,et al.  Sea‐salt aerosol in coastal Antarctic regions , 1998 .

[187]  P. Mirabel,et al.  MULTIPHASE CHEMISTRY OF N2O5, CLNO2, AND BRNO2 , 1998 .

[188]  G. C. G. Waschewsky,et al.  Heterogeneous Interactions of HOBr, HNO3, O3, and NO2 with Deliquescent NaCl Aerosols at Room Temperature , 1998 .

[189]  D. Weisenstein,et al.  Distribution of halon-1211 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere and the 1994 total bromine budget , 1998 .

[190]  W. Sturges,et al.  Vertical profiles of bromoform in snow, sea ice, and seawater in the Canadian Arctic , 1997 .

[191]  Larry W. Thomason,et al.  Heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the tropopause region , 1997 .

[192]  K. Heumann,et al.  Biogenic volatile organoiodine and organobromine hydrocarbons in the Atlantic Ocean from 42°N to 72°S , 1997 .

[193]  S. Solomon,et al.  On the occurrence of ClO in cirrus clouds and volcanic aerosol in the tropopause region , 1997 .

[194]  R. N. Schindler,et al.  Experimental verification of gas phase bromine enrichment in reactions of HOBr with sea salt doped ice surfaces , 1997 .

[195]  W. Sturges,et al.  Biogenic bromine production in the Arctic , 1997 .

[196]  C. Zetzsch,et al.  Production and decay of ClNO2 from the reaction of gaseous N2O5 with NaCl solution: Bulk and aerosol experiments , 1997 .

[197]  M. McCormick,et al.  A 6‐year climatology of cloud occurrence frequency from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations (1985–1990) , 1996 .

[198]  F. Laturnus.  Volatile halocarbons released from Arctic macroalgae , 1996 .

[199]  A. Ravishankara,et al.  Reactive uptake of NO3 on pure water and ionic solutions , 1996 .

[200]  J. McConnell,et al.  Autocatalytic release of bromine from Arctic snow pack during polar sunrise , 1996 .

[201]  M. Webb,et al.  Bromoperoxidase and iodoperoxidase enzymes and production of halogenated methanes in marine diatom cultures , 1996 .

[202]  P. Crutzen,et al.  A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer , 1996, Nature.

[203]  Y. Maeda,et al.  Acceleration Mechanism of Chemical Reaction by Freezing: The Reaction of Nitrous Acid with Dissolved Oxygen , 1996 .

[204]  S. Solomon,et al.  The potential of cirrus clouds for heterogeneous chlorine activation , 1996 .

[205]  Seelye Martin,et al.  The temperature dependence of frost flower growth on laboratory sea ice and the effect of the flowers on infrared observations of the surface , 1996 .

[206]  J. Sodeau,et al.  Adsorption and ionization of HCl on an ice surface , 1996 .

[207]  Y. Yokouchi,et al.  The seasonal variation of selected natural and anthropogenic halocarbons in the arctic troposphere , 1996 .

[208]  J. Hynes,et al.  Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hydrochloric Acid Ionization at the Surface of Stratospheric Ice , 1996, Science.

[209]  D. W. Margerum,et al.  Equilibrium and Kinetics of Bromine Hydrolysis. , 1996, Inorganic chemistry.

[210]  M. Mozurkewich.  Mechanisms for the release of halogens from sea-salt particles by free radical reactions , 1995 .

[211]  Seelye Martin,et al.  A laboratory study of frost flower growth on the surface of young sea ice , 1995 .

[212]  J. Sodeau,et al.  Ionization of chlorine nitrate on ice at 180 K , 1995 .

[213]  Y. Yokouchi,et al.  Serial gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric measurements of some volatile organic compounds in the Arctic atmosphere during the 1992 Polar Sunrise Experiment , 1994 .

[214]  G. Hartog,et al.  Arctic aerosol size-segregated chemical observations in relation to ozone depletion during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992 , 1994 .

[215]  P. Shepson,et al.  Relationships between organic nitrates and surface ozone destruction during Polar Sunrise Experiment 1992 , 1994 .

[216]  Y. Yokouchi,et al.  Measurements of C2‐C6 hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise1992 Experiment: Evidence for Cl atom and Br atom chemistry , 1994 .

[217]  Donald K. Perovich,et al.  Surface characteristics of lead ice , 1994 .

[218]  J. Collén,et al.  The involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the production of volatile halogenated compounds by Meristiella gelidium , 1994 .

[219]  J. Abbatt,et al.  Heterogeneous reaction of HOBr with HBr and HCl on ice surfaces at 228 k , 1994 .

[220]  R. Moore,et al.  Production of volatile organohalogens by phytoplankton cultures , 1994 .

[221]  E. Waddington,et al.  Air flow and dry deposition of non-sea salt sulfate in polar firn: Paleoclimatic implications , 1993 .

[222]  D. Toohey,et al.  Balloon‐borne in situ measurements of CLO and ozone: Implications for heterogeneous chemistry and mid‐latitude ozone loss , 1993 .

[223]  K. Heumann,et al.  GC determination of volatile organoiodine and organobromine compounds in Arctic seawater and air samples , 1993 .

[224]  W. Sturges,et al.  Bromoalkane production by Antarctic ice algae , 1993 .

[225]  R. Moore,et al.  Volatile biogenic halocarbons in the northwest Atlantic , 1993 .

[226]  K. Goodwin,et al.  Laboratory production of bromoform, methylene bromide, and methyl iodide by macroalgae and distribution in nearshore southern California waters , 1992 .

[227]  D. R. Hanson,et al.  Heterogeneous chemistry of HBr and HF , 1992 .

[228]  K. Heumann,et al.  Determinations of methyl iodide in the Antarctic atmosphere and the South Polar Sea , 1992 .

[229]  D. Jacob,et al.  Surface ozone depletion in Arctic spring sustained by bromine reactions on aerosols , 1992, Nature.

[230]  S. Ackley,et al.  Ecology of sea ice biota , 1992, Polar Biology.

[231]  D. R. Hanson,et al.  Investigation of the Reactive and Nonreactive Processes Involving ClONO2 and HCl on Water and Nitric Acid Doped Ice. , 1992 .

[232]  K. Heumann,et al.  Bromo- and bromochloromethanes in the Antarctic atmosphere and the south polar sea , 1992 .

[233]  M. Molina,et al.  The heterogeneous reaction of HOCl + HCl ? Cl2 + H2O on ice and nitric acid trihydrate: Reaction pro , 1992 .

[234]  D. R. Hanson,et al.  Investigation of the reactive and nonreactive processes involving nitryl hypochlorite and hydrogen chloride on water and nitric acid doped ice , 1992 .

[235]  M. Krysell.  Bromoform in the Nansen Basin in the Arctic Ocean , 1991 .

[236]  P. Shepson,et al.  Depletion of lower tropospheric ozone during arctic spring : the Polar Sunrise Experiment 1988 , 1990 .

[237]  S. Solomon,et al.  Ozone destruction through heterogeneous chemistry following the eruption of El Chichón , 1989 .

[238]  M. Leu.  Heterogeneous reactions of N2O5 with H2O and HCl on ice surfaces: Implications for Antarctic ozone depletion , 1988 .

[239]  P. Crutzen,et al.  Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere , 1988, Nature.

[240]  D. Golden,et al.  Antarctic Ozone Depletion Chemistry: Reactions of N2O5 with H2O and HCl on Ice Surfaces , 1988, Science.

[241]  G. Buxton,et al.  Critical Review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH/⋅O− in Aqueous Solution , 1988 .

[242]  M. Rycroft,et al.  An interhemispheric comparison of the concentrations of bromine compounds in the atmosphere , 1985, Nature.

[243]  E. Fogelqvist.  Carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane and bromoform in Arctic seawater , 1985 .

[244]  M. Khalil,et al.  Atmospheric methyl iodide (CH3I) , 1982 .

[245]  J. C. Cook,et al.  Halohydrocarbon Synthesis by Bromoperoxidase , 1978, Science.

[246]  T. E. Kiovsky,et al.  Kinetics of reactions in frozen solutions , 1966 .

[247]  Manfred Eigen,et al.  The Kinetics of Halogen Hydrolysis , 1962 .

[248]  C. Wilke,et al.  Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions , 1955 .

[249]  S. E. Reynolds,et al.  Electrical Phenomena Occurring during the Freezing of Dilute Aqueous Solutions and Their Possible Relationship to Thunderstorm Electricity , 1950 .

[250]  M. Thamban,et al.  Is cloud seeding in coastal Antarctica linked to bromine and nitrate variability in snow? , 2010 .

[251]  P. Crutzen,et al.  Modeling the chemistry of ozone , halogen compounds , and hydrocarbons in the arctic troposphere during spring , 2009 .

[252]  H. Roscoe,et al.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics on the Vertical Distribution of Boundary Layer Halogens over Coastal Antarctica: Implications for O 3 , Ho X , No X and the Hg Lifetime , 2008 .

[253]  N. Yassaa,et al.  under a Creative Commons License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Mirror image hydrocarbons from Tropical and Boreal forests , 2007 .

[254]  © Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 2006 .

[255]  Graham W. Taylor,et al.  Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002 , 2003 .

[256]  G. Hönninger.  Halogen Oxide Studies in the Boundary Layer by Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy and Active Longpath-DOAS , 2002 .

[257]  N. Holmes,et al.  Uptake and reaction of HOI and IONO2 on frozen and dry NaCl/NaBr surfaces and H2SO4 , 2001 .

[258]  E. Betterton,et al.  Autoxidation of N(III), S(IV), and other Species in Frozen Solution – A Possible Pathway for Enhanced Chemical Transformation in Freezing Systems , 2001 .

[259]  D. Toohey,et al.  An Investigation of CIO Photchemistry in the Chemically Perturbed Arctic Vortex , 1999 .

[260]  J. Hynes,et al.  Model molecular dynamics simulation of hydrochloric acid ionization at the surface of stratospheric ice , 1998 .

[261]  M. Gosselin,et al.  New measurements of phytoplankton and ice algal production in the Arctic Ocean , 1997 .

[262]  H. Klöser,et al.  Antarctic macroalgae — Sources of volatile halogenated organic compounds , 1996 .

[263]  L. Barrie,et al.  Photochemical bromine production implicated in Arctic boundary-layer ozone depletion , 1992, Nature.

[264]  J. Sodeau,et al.  Adsorption of stratospherically important molecules on thin D2O ice films using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy , 1992 .

[265]  D. Toohey,et al.  In situ measurements of midlatitude ClO in winter , 1991 .

[266]  L. Barrie,et al.  The influence of mid-latitudinal pollution sources on haze in the Canadian arctic , 1981 .

[267]  P. S. Anderson,et al.  Boundary Layer Physics over Snow and Ice Boundary Layer Physics over Snow and Ice Acpd Boundary Layer Physics over Snow and Ice , 2022 .