Atomic spectrometry in environmental monitoring and process control

The presence of elements even at trace levels can significantly modify the biological/toxicological properties of environmental materials. Among the most sensitive techniques for elemental analysis, ICP-atomic emission spectrometry and ICP-mass spectrometry are commonly used. They have been applied to environmental samples such as air, water, soils and sediments, biological materials, and radionuclides. When coupled with separation methods, they can also be used for the speciation of elements such as As and Se, because the toxicity of these elements depend on their chemical form. Moreover, ICP-AES can be used as an on-line technique for volatile species, e.g. stack monitoring, coal gasification and Be in plant atmosphere, and for liquid streams and solids.

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