Die Persistenz von Inferenzen in einem verstehensbasierten kognitiven Modell

ZusammenfassungDie Persistenz von Inferenzen wurde bisher in der Kognitionswissenschaft auf den Gebieten der KI-Handlungsplanung und in kognitionspsychologischen Untersuchungen des Textverstehens separat erforscht. Indem wir für eine konkrete Fragestellung die psychologischen Erkenntnisse des Textverstehens auf das viel diskutierte KI-Problem der zeitlichen Vorhersage (temporal projection problem) beziehen, können wir kognitionspsychologische und KI-Modellierungen besser miteinander vergleichen. Dabei haben wir ein verstehensbasiertes Modell im Rahmen von Kintschs (1988) Construction-Integration-Theorie erstellt und auf experimentalpsychologische Daten angewandt. Unsere Modellierungen zeigen, daß Personen mit ihrem Inferenzverhalten nicht dem Prinzip einer kognitiven Trägheit folgen, wie es in der KI das common sense law of inertia postuliert. Vielmehr zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, daß Personen mit Hilfe des Diskursfokusses eine Individualisierung vonWissensstrukturen erreichen und damit eine strikte und permanente Einordnung in fest vorgegebene Schemata vermeiden. Diese Ergebnisse können somit zu einer vereinheitlichenden Betrachtung innerhalb der Kognitionswissenschaften beitragen.ZusammenfassungThis research relates the temporal projection problem (as it has been discussed in the artificial intelligence research on action planning) to the knowledgebased inferences which human readers have been shown to generate on-line during text comprehension. For a specific prediction and inferencing problem, theories from artificial intelligence could thus be compared to empirical results from experimental psychology. In order to describe the human inference processes in text comprehension more fully, Kintsch’s (1988) construction- integration model was then applied to one of the most intriguing data sets about the persistence of inferences. Unlike the principle of cognitive inertia postulated in artificial intelligence, the construction-integration model could account for the data very well. In this model, the persistence of inferences depends on the focus of discourse, which may shift when additional text is being read. From these results it is concluded that a comparison of artificial intelligence and experimental psychology research may become a promising enterprise for the areas of action planning and inference generation in text comprehension.

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